Turning Point Flashcards
What was the turning point of the Czech intelligentsia’s national struggle against the Germans?
The turning point was in 1409 when Wenceslaus sought to use desires to end the Papal Schism to his own political gain.
What was the Decretal of Kunta Hora?
It was issued by Wenceslaus in 1409 and reversed the voting power of university nations, giving Czech nations three votes and Germans one.
When did Hus become the symbolic head of the movement?
Hus’ centrality was confirmed in 1409 when he was made rector of the university, paving the way for doctrines of secular authority over churches.
What was the response to the movement’s rise from reform to rejection?
Archbishop Zbynek issued a bull suppressing Wycliffism in 1409 by outlawing the Bethlehem Chapel and condemning the 45 articles.
What was the result of Hus’ rejection of church authority?
Hus was excommunicated, leading to mass protest in the streets.
Who became the driving forces behind the movement in 1412?
More radical, reform-minded leaders such as Jerome of Prague and Jakoubek of Stribo became popular leaders.
What further ignited the movement’s rise from reform to rejection?
The matter of indulgences, where Wenceslaus agreed to selling indulgences to fund Pope John’s Crusade against the King of Naples, led to outrage among the reformist community.
How did the debate evolve by 1412?
The ethnic-national divide was over, and the debate was now theological, with Hus publicly condemning Czech anti-Wycliffe theologians at the university.
What were the Anglo-Bohemian links?
Charles’ daughter Anne had married Richard II, Peter Payne had fled England to join the Hussite cause, and two Hussite Prague students brought back a piece of Wyclif’s tomb.
What provided a viable philosophical framework for Bohemian reformist sympathies?
Wyclif’s philosophical writings, from Confession to De Blasphemia, provided a framework that enabled Czechs to challenge German authority at the university.
What did Hus emphasize in his preaching at the Bethlehem Chapel?
Hus stressed the importance of the primacy of scripture and the importance of individual Christian access to sacred texts, and rejected transubstantiation.
What is an example of national identity trumping ideology?
Both Wycliffite and non-Wycliffite Czechs took positions at the university after the Decretal of Kunta Hora was issued, but it was declared from the start to be a heavily Wycliffite program, with Hus made rector of the university.
What was the role of Wycliffite ideas in the Hussite movement?
Wycliffite ideas became a “reformist tool” for critique of the wealthy church, an “intellectual weapon” to attack Germans at Charles University, and a “political club” to re-establish nobility’s power and Czech identity.
