Tumours of skeletal muscle and cartilage origin

Question 1

what are benign and malignant tumours of skeletal muscle called

Answer 1

benign = rhabdomyoma(very rare)
malignant = rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 2

what different types of rhadbomyosarcoma are there

Answer 2

embryonal(60%), alveolar(20%) and pleomorphic(20%)

Question 3

what age group is embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma seen in

Answer 3

childhood

Question 4

what parts of the body can embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma affect

Answer 4

genital tract(botyroides), GI tract, head + neck(periorbital), common bile duct

Question 5

what age group does alveolar and pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma affect

Answer 5

alveolar = young adults
pleomorphic = older adults

Question 6

describe the behaviour of rhabdomyosarcoma tumours

Answer 6

aggressive

Question 7

how is rhabdomyosarcoma treated

Answer 7

surgery plus adjuvant therapy

Question 8

what are some common examples of benign cartilaginous tumours

Answer 8

enchondroma, osteochondroma, chondromyxoid fibroma

Question 9

what part of the body does enchondroma affect

Answer 9

the digits

Question 10

what part of the body does osteochondroma affect

Answer 10

long bones, especially around knee

Question 11

what is produced by chondrosarcoma tumours

Answer 11

produce cartilage

Question 12

what are the different histological subtypes of chondrosarcoma

Answer 12

conventional(90%), clear cell, mesenchymal, dedifferentiated

Question 13

what are the 3 types of conventional chondrosarcoma

Answer 13

intramedullary(central) and juxtacortical(peripheral)

Question 14

what group of people is chondrosarcoma more common in

Answer 14

more common in adults, >40

Question 15

what parts of the body does chondrosarcoma usually affect

Answer 15

head and neck, pelvis, shoulders, ribs

Question 16

describe a chondrosarcoma tumour

Answer 16

bulky tumour, nodules of grey/white cartilaginous tissue with gelatinous matrix

Question 17

describe the spread of chondrosarcoma tumours

Answer 17

locally invasive in bone and into muscle and fat

Question 18

describe how are chondrosarcomas graded

Answer 18

graded 1(better prognosis) to 3(worse prognosis)
on cellularity, cytological atypia and mitotic activity

Question 19

describe the dedifferentiated subtype of chondrosarcoma

Answer 19

low grade chondrosarcoma with a separate high grade component that does not produce cartilage

Question 20

describe the clear cell subtype of chondrosarcoma

Answer 20

malignant chondrocytes that have abundant clear cytoplasm, associated osteoclastic cells and reactive bone that can siuggest osteosarcoma

Question 21

describe the mesenchymal subtype of chondrosarcoma

Answer 21

sheets of well differentiated hyaline appearing cartilage with surrounding small round cells