Lower Limb: Ankle Fracture & Dislocation Flashcards
what are the lateral ankle ligaments
anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments and the calcaneofibular ligament
describe the clinical features that characterise an ankle sprain
pain, bruising and mild/moderate tenderness over the affected ligament
describe the mechanism by which most ankle injuries occur
inversion injury, and/or by rotational force on planted foot
what conditions result in an ankle fracture, rather than just a sprain
higher energy trauma or osteoporotic bone
what criteria s used in A&E to assess ankle fractures and give X-ray guidance
Ottawa criteria
describe what characteristics of ankle injuries permits X-ray
severe localised tenderness(bony tenderness) of distal fibula or tibia, or inability to weight bear for 4 steps
what ankle fracture injury would be described as common and stable
isolated distal fibular fracture with no medial fracture or lateral ligament rupture
what management is used for isolated distal fibular fractures
walking cast or splint for around 6 weeks
what types of ankle fracture are unstable
distal fibular fractures with rupture of the deltoid ligament, also bimalleoular fractures
how is rupture of the deltoid ligament suspected clinically
by bruising and tenderness medially
what conditions mean that deltoid ligament rupture must have occurred, as long as there is no medial malleolar fracture
talar shift where there is asymmetric increased space around talus within ankle mortise, OR talar tilt with talus and tibial plafond being parallel
what condition does talar shift increase the risk of
post traumatic OA
what treatment is required with any talar shift
anatomic reduction and rigid internal fixation, to minimise risk of OA`
describe what a bimalleolar fracture is
fracture of both the lateral and medial malleoli
what treatment is used for bimalleolar fracture
ORIF(open reduction and internal fixation)
