Non-neoplastic Bone Disease Flashcards
what are the different types of non-neoplastic bone disease
osteoporosis, osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism, avascular necrosis, Paget’s disease
what is osteoporosis
decreased bone mass
what is osteopenia and osteoporosis defined as
osteopenia = 1-2.5 SD below normal bone mass` osteoporosis = >2.5 SD below normal bone mass
what risk is osteoporosis associated with
significant risk of fracture
what causes localised osteoporosis
lack of use
what can cause primary generalised osteoporosis
idiopathic, post-menopausal, senile(with age)
give some secondary causes of generalised osteoporosis
endocrine disorders(eg Cushing’s), drugs(eg alcohol), GI disorders(eg malabsorption)
what hereditary factors affect bone mass
polymorphisms in bone affecting bone metabolism
what environmental factors affect bone mass
physical activity, muscle strength, diet, hormonal status
describe how increased age changes the bone
reduced proliferative and biosynthetic capacity of osteoblasts
what is the main cause of osteomalacia
Vitamin D deficiency, due to diet or lack sun exposure
what role does vitamin D play in the bone
stimulates absorption of calcium and stimulates osteoblasts to release osteocalcin
what does vitamin D deficiency lead to the in the bone
hypocalcaemia and elevated PTH(parathyroid hormone)
what pathology is seen in osteomalacia
impaired mineralisation of bone matrix, newly formed osteoids are not fully mineralised
what effect does osteomalacia have on the bone
weakens it, more susceptible to fracture