Tumour Pathology 1

Question 1

What is a tumour?

Answer 1

-Abnormal growing mass of tissue.
Its growth is uncoordinated and uncontrolled and will continue after the removal of any stimulus which may have caused the tumour.

Question 2

What are the 2 groups of tumours?

Answer 2

Benign and malignant

Question 3

What is a fundamental property of cancer?

Answer 3

It has an ability to invade into adjacent tissues and to metastasise and grow at other sites within the body.

Question 4

What are growths at other sites called?

Answer 4

Secondary tumours

Question 5

Why is the classification of tumours important?

Answer 5

It is important for:

• Understanding tumour behaviour
• Determining outcome and selecting therapy

Question 6

What are important causations of cancers?

Answer 6

Genetic and environmental factors

Question 7

How to describe the development of cancer?

Answer 7

A multi-step process of development and progression

Question 8

What are the two things you want to know about the tumour?

Answer 8

• What tissue has the tumour derived from?
  (i. e. epithelium, connective tissue, blood cells, lymphoid tissue, melanocytes)

-Is the tumour benign or malignant?

Question 9

Nomenclature of epithelial tumours? (1/2)

Answer 9

Epithilium - Glandular

Benign- Adenoma

Malignant- Adeno-Carcinoma

Question 10

Nomenclature of epithelial tumours? (2/2)

Answer 10

Epithelium- Squamous

Benign- Squamous papilloma

Malignant- Squamous -carcinoma

Question 11

Nomenclature of Connective Tissue tumours? (1/3)

Answer 11

Tissue- Bone

Benign- Osteoma

Malignant- Osteo-sarcoma

Question 12

Nomenclature of Connective Tissue tumours? (2/3)

Answer 12

Tissue- Fat

Benign- Lipoma

Malignant- Lipo-sarcoma

Question 13

Nomenclature of Connective Tissue tumours? (3/3)

Answer 13

Tissue- Fibrous tissue

Benign- Fibroma

Malignant- Fibro-sarcoma

Question 14

Nomenclature of Blood Cell tumours?

Answer 14

Benign- White blood cells

Malignant- Leukaemia

Question 15

Nomenclature of lymphoid tissue tumours

Answer 15

Benign- lymphoid tissue

Malignant- Lymphoma

Question 16

Nomenclature of melanocytes tumours

Answer 16

Benign- naevus

Malignant- melanoma

Question 17

Nomenclature of neural tissue tumours.

Answer 17

CNS- Astrocytoma

PNS- Schwannoma

Question 18

Nomenclature of germ cell tumours and features.

Answer 18

Teratomas

They develop in the ovary/testis

Tumour composed of various tissues

Question 19

Germ cell tumours- Teratomas. what ones are benign or malignant.

Answer 19

Benign- Ovarian teratomas

Malignant- Testicular teratomas

Question 20

What do benign tumours look like?

Answer 20

• Non-invasive growth pattern/No invasion
• Usually encapsulated
• No metastases
• Cells will look normal
• Well differentiated
• Function similar to normal tissue
• Rarely cause death

Question 21

What do malignant tumours look like?

Answer 21

• Invasive growth pattern (spreads and destroys the surface)
• No capsule or capsule breached by tumour cells
• Poorly differentiated
• Loss of normal function
• Metasteses/spread of cancer
• Frequently cause death