POD formative Flashcards
what type of gene is retinoblastoma gene (RB1)?
tumour suppressor gene
if lost or inactive cancer occurs
what type of tumour is leukaemia?
malignant tumour of white blood cells
what type of tumour is lipsarcoma?
malignant tumour of fatty tissue
what type of tumour is adenocarcinoma
malignant tumour of glandular epithelium
BRCA1 belongs to which class of gene?
tumour suppressor gene
Braf is a predictive biomarker of what type of tumour?
melanoma
what type of cancer commonly metastasises to the peritoneum?
peritoneum- lining of abdomen
ovarian cancer- this is the first sign of metastasis in o.c
(colorectal too but ovarian more frequent)
what is the commonest type of carcinoma in men in the UK?
prostate
lung is 2nd
bowel is 3rd
define carcinoma?
cancer arising in the epithelial tissue of the skin or of the lining of the internal organs.
why is GTN administered by the sublingual route?
to avoid first passed metabolism- goes straight into circulation
drug trial where doctor and patient is not aware what treatment the patient is receiving?
double- blind
type of drug drug trial in which data is collected from case records after treatment is given?
retrospective trial
what is the type of drug trial where patients take both treatments being tested for one after the other?
Cross-over trial
trial where patients are allotted to treatment groups using random number generation?
randomised trial
which antibiotic inhibits purine synthesis?
trimethoprim (think trimethopurine- sounds similar)
which anti-viral agent is used to treat infection with HIV?
saquinavir
what type of microorganism is Treponema pallidum?
spirochaete
a flexible spirally twisted bacterium, especially one that causes syphilis.
what is the purpose of bacterial typing?
to identify bacterial strains
bacteriophage typing- used for detecting single strains of bacteria.
in a gram stain what colour are gram positive bacteria?
purple
what characterises fimbriae
involved in adhesion at epithelial surfaces
they are small projections on bacteria that resemble a fringe
consequence of mitosis?
produces diploid from diploid
what is the frequency of heterozygotes for an autosomal gene with 2 alleles of equal frequency?
0.5
what is the consequence of fertilisation
produces diploid cells from haploid cells
how is the X chromosome transmitted?
by fathers to daughters but not sons
during which cellular process is mRNA used to form an amino acid sequence?
translation
what is the key pathogenic feature of systemic type III hypersensitivity?
immune complex formation
which cell type is the major component of the acute inflammatory response?
neutrophil
what are the major role of fibroblasts?
produce collagens?
fibroblasts are a component of granulation tissue but are not a major component of granulomatous inflammation
what is the main function of histamine?
relaxes vascular smooth muscle in acute inflammation
this causes vasodilation and produces redness and heat
what effect does hypoxia have on tissue healing?
not getting enough oxygen to tissues
this impairs tissue healing
