POD formative

Question 1

what type of gene is retinoblastoma gene (RB1)?

Answer 1

tumour suppressor gene

if lost or inactive cancer occurs

Question 2

what type of tumour is leukaemia?

Answer 2

malignant tumour of white blood cells

Question 3

what type of tumour is lipsarcoma?

Answer 3

malignant tumour of fatty tissue

Question 4

what type of tumour is adenocarcinoma

Answer 4

malignant tumour of glandular epithelium

Question 5

BRCA1 belongs to which class of gene?

Answer 5

tumour suppressor gene

Question 6

Braf is a predictive biomarker of what type of tumour?

Answer 6

melanoma

Question 7

what type of cancer commonly metastasises to the peritoneum?

Answer 7

peritoneum- lining of abdomen
ovarian cancer- this is the first sign of metastasis in o.c

(colorectal too but ovarian more frequent)

Question 8

what is the commonest type of carcinoma in men in the UK?

Answer 8

prostate

lung is 2nd
bowel is 3rd

Question 9

define carcinoma?

Answer 9

cancer arising in the epithelial tissue of the skin or of the lining of the internal organs.

Question 10

why is GTN administered by the sublingual route?

Answer 10

to avoid first passed metabolism- goes straight into circulation

Question 11

drug trial where doctor and patient is not aware what treatment the patient is receiving?

Answer 11

double- blind

Question 12

type of drug drug trial in which data is collected from case records after treatment is given?

Answer 12

retrospective trial

Question 13

what is the type of drug trial where patients take both treatments being tested for one after the other?

Answer 13

Cross-over trial

Question 14

trial where patients are allotted to treatment groups using random number generation?

Answer 14

randomised trial

Question 15

which antibiotic inhibits purine synthesis?

Answer 15

trimethoprim (think trimethopurine- sounds similar)

Question 16

which anti-viral agent is used to treat infection with HIV?

Answer 16

saquinavir

Question 17

what type of microorganism is Treponema pallidum?

Answer 17

spirochaete

a flexible spirally twisted bacterium, especially one that causes syphilis.

Question 18

what is the purpose of bacterial typing?

Answer 18

to identify bacterial strains

bacteriophage typing- used for detecting single strains of bacteria.

Question 19

in a gram stain what colour are gram positive bacteria?

Answer 19

purple

Question 20

what characterises fimbriae

Answer 20

involved in adhesion at epithelial surfaces

they are small projections on bacteria that resemble a fringe

Question 21

consequence of mitosis?

Answer 21

produces diploid from diploid

Question 22

what is the frequency of heterozygotes for an autosomal gene with 2 alleles of equal frequency?

Answer 22

0.5

Question 23

what is the consequence of fertilisation

Answer 23

produces diploid cells from haploid cells

Question 24

how is the X chromosome transmitted?

Answer 24

by fathers to daughters but not sons

Question 25

during which cellular process is mRNA used to form an amino acid sequence?

Answer 25

translation

Question 26

what is the key pathogenic feature of systemic type III hypersensitivity?

Answer 26

immune complex formation

Question 27

which cell type is the major component of the acute inflammatory response?

Answer 27

neutrophil

Question 28

what are the major role of fibroblasts?

Answer 28

produce collagens? | fibroblasts are a component of granulation tissue but are not a major component of granulomatous inflammation

Question 29

what is the main function of histamine?

Answer 29

relaxes vascular smooth muscle in acute inflammation | this causes vasodilation and produces redness and heat

Question 30

what effect does hypoxia have on tissue healing?

Answer 30

not getting enough oxygen to tissues | this impairs tissue healing