Drug delivery systems Flashcards
What 5 things are to be considered when determining dosage regime?
- Any renal/hepatic failure
- The recommended doses
- Age & weight
- Disease to be treated
- Drugs Toxicity
- starting dose and increased dose needed to achieve the desired effect
Where are oral meds absorbed into systemic circulation?
GI tract
Define a suspension:
Coarse drug particles in a liquid phase
What type of drugs are used in suspension?
Insoluble & unpalatable drugs
What type of patients would use solutoins/suspensions over tablets?
People with swallowing difficulties including the very young & old.
How are solution & suspensions delivered?
By naso-gastric or Peg tubes
What is the rate limitng step in tablet absorption?
The tablets break down or “dissolution”
What are the main advantages of tablet/capsule drugs?
- convenient
- accurate doses
- easily reproduceable in mass
- high drug stability
Why would you use an enteric coating on a tablet?
- to protect it from destructive stomach acid (Allowing it to reach the small intestine)
- to protect the stomach from a toxic drug,
What drugs are enteric coated & why?
Omeprazole, to protect it from stomach acid
Aspirin to protect the stomach from it.
Why don’t enteric coated tablets disintegrate till they reach the small intestine?
They only disintegrate in higher pHs, the stomach is very acidic so theyre unchanged in it.
What are the advantages o prodrugs?
- avoid drug degradation in the gut
- prolongation of duration of action
What does a prolonged release formulation do?
-contains more of the active drug but releases it more slowly over a prolonged period.
How does usin prolonged release formulations improve patient compliance?
Prolonged release formulations need less frequent doses, increasing the odds a patient will take them all
n what 3 forms do prolonged release formulation geerally come?
Oral tablets
Intramuscular Injection
Surgical implants
What drugs are delivered by surgical implant?
Progesterone (contraception)
Testosterone
Why drugs are ideal for buccal/sublingual administration?
Those with a large pre-systemic or first pass metabolism
Do rectally delivered drugs treat locally or systemically?
Rectally delivered drugs can treat both local & systemic conditions
For what type of patient are rectal route drugs useful?
those unable to swallow
In what forms do rectal drugs come?
As creams
Liquids
Suppositories
Do drugs delivered vaginally treat locally or systemically?
Vaginal route drugs treat local disease