Tumour Pathology 1 Flashcards
<p>What is a tumour?</p>
<p>Abnormal growing mass of tissue</p>
<p>What are the properties of the growth of a tumour?</p>
<p>Growth is uncoordinated with that of surrounding normal tissue</p>
<p>Growth continues after the removal of any stimulis which may have caused the tumour</p>
<p>Irreversible change</p>
<p>What are the two types of tumours?</p>
<p>Beneign</p>
<p>Malignant (also known as a cancer)</p>
<p>What is a fundamental property of cancer?</p>
<p>Its ability to invade into adjacent tissues and to metastasis (spread) and grow at other sites within the body</p>
<p>What is metastasis?</p>
<p>Spreading of a tumour</p>
<p>What is cancer caused by (vaugly)?</p>
<p>Genetics</p>
<p>Environment</p>
<p>What are the top 5 cancers in men?</p>
<p>1) Prostate</p>
<p>2) Lung</p>
<p>3) Colon</p>
<p>4) Kidney</p>
<p>5) Melanoma</p>
<p>What are the top 5 cancers in woman?</p>
<p>1) Breast</p>
<p>2) Lung</p>
<p>3) Colon</p>
<p>4) Uterus</p>
<p>5) Melanoma</p>
What are the top 5 cancers in both men and woman?
Male :
- Prostate Cancer = 27%
- Lung Cancer = 13%
- Bowel Cancer = 12%
- Head & Neck Cancer
- Kidney Cancer
Female :
- Breast Cancer = 30%
- Lung Cancer = 13%
- Bowel Cancer = 10%
- Uterus
- Melanoma Skin Cancer
What is the 5 year survival rate like for cancers?
<p>Why is it important to classify tumours?</p>
<p>Understanding tumour behaviour</p>
<p>Determining the prognosis (outcome) and selecting therapy</p>
<p>What is the classification of a tumour based on?</p>
<p>Tissue of origin</p>
<p>Benign or malignant</p>
<p>What are some origin tissues for tumours?</p>
<p>Epithelium</p>
<p>Connective tissue</p>
<p>Blood cells</p>
<p>Lymphoid tissue</p>
<p>Melanocytes</p>
<p>Neural tissues</p>
<p>Germ cells</p>
<p>What are benign and maligant glandular epithelium tumours called?</p>
<p>Benign are called adenoma</p>
<p>Malignant is called adeno-carcinoma</p>
<p>What are benign and malignant squamous tumours called?</p>
<p>Benign are called squamous papilloma</p>
<p>Malignant are called squamous carcinoma</p>
<p>What are some connective tissues that a tumour can arise in?</p>
<p>Bone</p>
<p>Fat</p>
<p>Fibrous tissue</p>
<p>What are beneign and maligant bone tumours called?</p>
<p>Benign are called osteoma</p>
<p>Malignant are called osteo-sarcoma</p>
<p>What are benign and malignant fat tumours called?</p>
<p>Benign are called lipoma</p>
<p>Malignant are called lip-sarcoma</p>
<p>What are beneign and malignant fibrous tissue tumours called?</p>
<p>Benign are called fibroma</p>
<p>Malignant are called fibro-sarcoma</p>
<p>What are benign and malignant blood tumours called?</p>
<p>There are no benign blood tumours</p>
<p>Malignant blood tumours are called leukaemia</p>
<p>What are benign and malignant lymphoid tissue tumours called?</p>
<p>There are no benign lymphoid tissue tumours</p>
<p>Malignant are called lymphoma</p>
<p>What are benign and malignant melanocyte tumours are?</p>
<p>Benign are called naevus</p>
<p>Malignant are called melanoma</p>
<p>What are neural tissue tumours called?</p>
<p>Astrocytoma (CNS)</p>
<p>Schwannoma (PNS)</p>
<p>What are germ cell tumours called?</p>
<p>Teratomas</p>
<p>What kind of tumour are testicular normally?</p>
<p>Malignant</p>
<p>What kind of tumour are ovaries normally?</p>
<p>Benign</p>
<p>What are teratomas usually composed of?</p>
<p>Various tissues</p>
<p>What are features in both benign and malignant tumours?</p>
<p>Growth pattern</p>
<p>Presence of capsule</p>
<p>Invasion</p>
<p>Presence of metastasis</p>
<p>Differentiation</p>
<p>Appearance of tumour cell</p>
<p>Function</p>
<p>Behaviour</p>
<p>What are features of benign tumours?</p>
<p>Non-invasive growth pattern</p>
<p>Usually encapsulated</p>
<p>No evidence of invastion</p>
<p>No metastasis</p>
<p>Cells similar to normal</p>
<p>Well differentiated</p>
<p>Function similar to normal tissue</p>
<p>Rarely cause death</p>
<p>What are features of malignant tumours?</p>
<p>Invasive growth pattern</p>
<p>No capsule or capsule breached by tumour cell</p>
<p>Cells abnormal</p>
<p>Poorly differentiated</p>
<p>Loss of normal function</p>
<p>Evidence of spread of cancer</p>
<p>Frequently cause death</p>
<p>What kind of growth pattern do benign tumours have compared to malignant?</p>
<p>Benign has non-invasive</p>
<p>Malignant has invasive</p>
<p>What is the differentiation like in benign tumours compared to maligant?</p>
<p>Benign are well differentiated</p>
<p>Malignant are poorly differentiated</p>
<p>What is the capsule of benign tumours compared to malignant?</p>
<p>Benign are usually encapsulated</p>
<p>Malignant have no capsule or it is breached</p>
<p>What is metastasis like in benign tumours compared to malignant?</p>
<p>Benign has no metastasis</p>
<p>Malignant has metastasis</p>
<p>What is the function like of benign tumours compared to malignant tumours?</p>
<p>Benign function is similar to normal</p>
<p>Malignant tumours have lost function</p>
