How Nerves Work 1 Flashcards
Overview of the Nervous System + Cells of the Nervous System
<p>What are the 3 sections of the nervous system?</p>
<p>Somatic (controls conscious actions)</p>
<p>Autonomic (controls unconcious action)</p>
<p>Enteric (controls the gut)</p>
<p>What are some of the components of the brain?</p>
<p>Meninges (membrane covering the brain and spinal cord)</p>
<p>Gyrus (ridge on cerebral cortex)</p>
<p>Sulous (shallow goove surrounding gyrus)</p>
<p>Cerebellum (regulates motor movement)</p>
<p>Forebrain (cerebrum and diencephalon)</p>
<p>Brainstem (controls basic functions)</p>
<p>Corpus collosum (allows communication between each hemisphere of the brain)</p>
<p>What are the 4 areas of the cerebrum?</p>
<p>Frontal lobe</p>
<p>Temporal lobe</p>
<p>Paricatal lobe</p>
<p>Occipital lobe</p>
<p>What are the two areas of the diencephalon and what do they do?</p>
<p>Thalamus (relay motor/sensory signals to the cerebrum)</p>
<p>Hypothalamus (controls lots of proces for autonomic system like relasing hormones and regulating temperature)</p>
<p>What is the purpose of the gyrus?</p>
<p>To fold the brain, increasing the surface area allowing more space for more neurones</p>
<p>How many hemispheres are in the brain and what sides of the body do they control?</p>
<p>Two</p>
<p>The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body and the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body</p>
What does a diagram of a brain look like?
<p>What is the spinal cord?</p>
<p>Bundle of nervous tissue that sends information to and form the brain</p>
<p>What is the spinal cord composed of?</p>
<p>31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 cranial nerves</p>
<p>How are the spinal nerves split up?</p>
<p>8 cervical (neck, shoulders and arms)</p>
<p>12 tharacic (chest and abdoment)</p>
<p>5 lumbar (hips and legs)</p>
<p>5 sacral (genitial and gastrointestinal tract)</p>
<p>1 coccygeal</p>
<p>Explain the consistency of the thickness of the spinal cord?</p>
<p>It is thicker in some areas than others, thicker in regions where a lot of information connects</p>
<p>What is grey matter?</p>
<p>Where most cell bodies are</p>
<p>What is white matter?</p>
<p>Where lots of myelin is (axons)</p>
<p>Where is grey matter and white matter found?</p>
<p>Grey matter is found on the inside of the spinal cord and white matter on the outside</p>
<p>What route does sensory information travel through?</p>
<p>The dorsel route</p>
<p>What route does motor information travel through?</p>
<p>The vental route</p>
<p>What are ganglion?</p>
<p>Group of cell bodies in the peripherial nervous system (PNS)</p>
<p>Where does the brain send signals up and down the spinal cord?</p>
<p>The spinal tract</p>
<p>What are the two components of the nervous system?</p>
<p>Central nervous system (CNS, brain and spinal cord)</p>
<p>Peripherial nervous system (PNS, nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord)</p>
<p>What are nerves composed of?</p>
<p>Cell body, soma (contains nucleus, where proteins are made)</p>
<p>Dendrites (recieve information)</p>
<p>Initial segment, axon hillock (triggers action potential)</p>
<p>Axon (sends axon potential)</p>
<p>Axon presynaptic terminal (releases neurotransmitter)</p>
<p>What are the 3 types of neurones?</p>
<p>Afferent (sensory)</p>
<p>Inter</p>
<p>Efferent (motor)</p>
<p>What does the blood brain barrier do?</p>
<p>Stops the ion concentration in the blood affecting the ECF around the brain</p>
<p>How much of the CNS do glia cells comprise of?</p>
<p>90%</p>
<p>What are the three types of glia cells?</p>
<p>Astrocytes</p>
<p>Oligodendrocytes</p>
<p>Micraglia</p>
<p>What are the functions of astrocytes?</p>
<p>Maintains external environment for neurons</p>
<p>Surrounds blood vessels and produces the blood brian barrier</p>
<p>What is the function of oligodendrocytes?</p>
<p>Form myelin sheath in the CNS</p>
<p>What is the function of micraglia?</p>
<p>Phagocytic hoovers mopping up infection</p>
