Autonomic Physiology 1 Flashcards
<p>What does the autonomic nervous system control?</p>
<p>Involuntary movement</p>
<p>What are some examples of things that the autonomic nervous system controls?</p>
<p>Smooth muscle</p>
<p>Secretion from glands</p>
<p>Focusing of the eye</p>
<p>What are the 2 nervous systems?</p>
<p>Somatic</p>
<p>Autonomic</p>
<p>What are the 3 sections of the autonomic nervous system?</p>
<p>Sympathetic division</p>
<p>Parasympathetic division</p>
<p>Enteric nervous system</p>
<p>What does the enteric nervous system do?</p>
<p>Controls the gut</p>
What does a diagram showing the differences between the autonomic and somatic nervous systems look like?
<p>What is a ganglia?</p>
<p>Neuron cell body in the PNS, outside of the CNS</p>
<p>What is the fibre called between the spinal cord and the ganglia?</p>
<p>Pre-ganglia fibre</p>
<p>What is the fibre called between the ganglia and the target cell?</p>
<p>Post-ganglia fibre</p>
<p>What is the myelination of the pre-ganglia fibre like?</p>
<p>Small unmyelinated</p>
<p>What is the myelination of the post ganglia fibre like?</p>
<p>Unmyelinated</p>
<p>What are properties of the somatic nervous system?</p>
<p>Specialised neuromuscular junction</p>
<p>Ionotropic receptors</p>
<p>Always activates target</p>
<p>What are properties of the autonomic nervous system (contrasting of the somatic)?</p>
<p>Low specialised junction</p>
<p>Metabotropic receptors (G protein)</p>
<p>May excite or inhibit target</p>
<p>What is the sympathetic division associated with?</p>
<p>Fight or flight</p>
<p>What is the parasympathetic system associated with?</p>
<p>Rest and digest</p>
<p>Where does the sympathetic nervous system leave the spinal cord from?</p>
<p>Thoracic (T1-12) and lumbar (L1-2) regions</p>
<p>In the sympathetic system where does the ganglia lie between the spinal cord and the target cell?</p>
<p>Close to the spinal cord</p>
<p>What are paravertebral ganglia?</p>
<p>Lie close to the spinal cord</p>
<p>Why are pregangliotic regions known as white ramum?</p>
<p>Due to myelination</p>
<p>What are postgangliatic fibres also known as?</p>
<p>Grey ramus</p>
<p>What leads to mass activation within the autonomic nervous system?</p>
<p>Covergence and divergence</p>
What does a diagram showing the sympathetic division look like?
<p>What are the neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system?</p>
<p>Acetylcholine</p>
<p>Noradrenaline</p>
<p>What kind of receptors does noradrenaline act on?</p>
<p>Adrenergic receptors</p>
<p>What are the adrenergic receptors that noradrenaline act on called?</p>
<p>Alpha and beta receptors</p>
<p>What kind of receptors does acetylcholine act on?</p>
<p>Cholinergic receptors</p>
<p>What are the cholinergic receptors that acetylcholine act on called?</p>
<p>Muscurinic and nicotinic</p>
<p></p>
<p>What kind of receptors does the autonomic nervous system use?</p>
<p>G protein coupled</p>
<p>What do preganglionic fibres release in the sympathetic nervous system and what does it act on?</p>
<p>Acetylcholine acting on a nicotine cholinergic receptor</p>
<p>What do post ganglionic fibres release in the sympathetic nervous system and what do they act on?</p>
<p>Noradrenaline which acts on alpha or beta adrenergic receptors</p>
<p>What post ganglionic cells have no axons?</p>
<p>Adrenal medulla</p>
<p>What acts on the adrenal medulla?</p>
<p>Sympathetic nervous system</p>
<p>What does the adrenal medulla do?</p>
<p>Releases adrenaline and noradrenaline (4:1) in the blood which then binds to the same receptors via the blood</p>
<p>Where does the parasympathetic nervous system exit the spinal cord?</p>
<p>Cranial (III, VII, IX, X) and sacral (S2-4) regions</p>
<p>Where do ganglia lie in the parasympathetic nervous system?</p>
<p>Close to the target</p>
<p>What do preganglionic fibres in the parasympathetic system release and what do they act on?</p>
<p>Acetylcholine which acts on nicotinic cholinergic receptors</p>
<p>What do postganglionic fibres in the parasympathetic system release and what do they act on?</p>
<p>Acetylcholine which acts on muscarinic cholinergic receptors</p>
What does a diagram showing the parasympathetic nervous system look like?
<p>What are examples of postganglionic fibres not following the rules?</p>
<p>Sympathetic cholinergic fibres innervate sweat glands</p>
<p>Some release non adrenergic and non cholinergic transmitters such as peptides or NO</p>
