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Foundations of Medicine > Gram Positive Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram Positive Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bacteria is bacilli anthracis?

A

Aerobic and large

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2
Q

What are Group D streptococci re-classified as?

A

Enterococcus spp

Enterococcus faecalis

Enterococcus faecium

Often non-haemolytic

Found in the gut as normal commensal

Cause of urinary tract infection

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3
Q

What does streptococcus pneumoniae cause?

A

Pneumonia, meningitis, septicaemia

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4
Q

What is used to differentiate between the different forms of staphylococci?

A

Coagulase test

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5
Q

What are the large aerobic bacilli?

A

Bacillus cerus - food poisoning

Bacillus anthracis

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6
Q

What is responsible for diptheria?

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae
Small aerobic bacilli

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7
Q

What does C. diff cause?

A

diarrhoea

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8
Q

What type of organism is Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Alpha haemolytic streptococcui

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9
Q

What are the further divisions of beta haemolytic streptococci?

A

Identified further by lancefield groupings - based on surface antigens Groups A-G ABD clinically most important

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10
Q

What does clostridium tetani produce?

A

Toxins which cause tetanusuncontrolled muscle spasm - loss of inhibition at neuromuscluar junction

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11
Q

What small aerobic bacilli is responsible for meningitis?

A

Listeria Monocytogenes

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12
Q

How do most bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary Fission

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13
Q

Give an example of group B streptococci

A

Streptococcus agalactiae :
Causes neonatal sepsis

MeningitisBacteraemia

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14
Q

What are the three types of streptococci?

A

Alpha haemolytic - partial haemolysis (turns blood agar green)

Beta haemolytic - Complete haemolysis (turns blood agar clear)

Non- haemolytic

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15
Q

What is the source of botox?

A

Clostridium botulinum

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16
Q

What can Clostridium perfringes cause?

A

Can contaminate food - food poisoning

Infects serious wounds and causes gas gangrene

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17
Q

Where can you find Clostridium perfringens?

A

In the soil and normal commensal in human and animal gut/faeces

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18
Q

What does viridians streptococci cause?

Aplha Haemolytic

A

Infective endocarditis - Infection of the heart valves

Normal in oral flora

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19
Q

What is the cause of anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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20
Q

What strains of anaerobic cocci exist?

A

Anaerobic streptococci

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21
Q

How does clostridium difficile spread?

A

In hospitals via spores

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22
Q

Which form of gram positive bacteria form clusters?

A

Staphylococci

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23
Q

Give an example of a staphylococci - coagulase positive bacteria and describe its effect

A

Staphylococcus aureus - commensal in nose

Major pathogen

Causes boils, soft tissue infections, septicaemia and food poisoning

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24
Q

What type of commensals are coagulase negative staphylococcus bacteria?

A

Skin commensals

Staph epidermis

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25
Give an example of a group A streptococci beta haemolytic
Streptococcus pyogens Major pathogen Sore throats, cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis
26
Which strain of staphylococcus aureus poses a major risk for infection prevention and control?
MRSA, methicilin resistant
27
Why is staphylococcus aureus commonly penicillin resistant?
They produce beta lactamse - provides antibiotic resistance to antibiotics with a four atom ring known as a beta lactam
28
What type of organism is C.Diff?
Anaerobic Bacilli
29
When can coagulase negative staphylococcus bacteria become pathogenic?
In the presence of foreign bodies (prosthesis)?
30
Which form of gram positive bacteria form chains?
Streptococci
31
What is used for immunisation against Clostridium tetani?
Antigenically modified toxin
32
Aerobic and large
What type of bacteria is bacilli anthracis?
33
Enterococcus spp, Enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faeciumOften non-haemolyticFound in the gut as normal commensalCause of urinary tract infection
What are Group D streptococci re-classified as?
34
Pneumonia, meningitis, septicaemia
What does streptococcus pneumoniae cause?
35
Coagulase test
What is used to differentiate between the different forms of staphylococci?
36
What are the large aerobic bacilli?Bacillus cerus - food poisoning Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus cerus - food poisoning Bacillus anthracis
37
What is responsible for diptheria?
Corynebacterium diptheriae Small aerobic bacilli
38
diarrhoea
What does C. diff cause?
39
What type of organism is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Alpha haemolytic streptococcui
40
What are the further divisions of beta haemolytic streptococci?
Identified further by lancefield groupings - based on surface antigens Groups A-G **_ABD_** clinically most important
41
What does clostridium tetani produce?
Toxins which cause tetanus uncontrolled muscle spasm - loss of inhibition at neuromuscluar junction
42
What small aerobic bacilli is responsible for meningitis?
Listeria Monocytogenes
43
How do most bacteria reproduce? Binary Fission
Binary Fission
44
Give an example of group B streptococci
Streptococcus agalactiae Causes : neonatal sepsis Meningitis Bacteraemia
45
What are the three types of streptococci?
Alpha haemolytic - partial haemolysis (turns blood agar green) Beta haemolytic - Complete haemolysis (turns blood agar clear) Non- haemolytic
46
What is the source of botox? Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium botulinum
47
What can Clostridium perfringes cause?
Can contaminate food - food poisoning Infects serious wounds and causes gas gangrene
48
Where can you find Clostridium perfringens? In the soil and normal commensal in human and animal gut/faeces
In the soil and normal commensal in human and animal gut/faeces
49
What does viridians streptococci cause? Aplha Haemolytic Infective endocarditis - Infection of the heart valves Normal in oral flora
Infective endocarditis - Infection of the heart valves Normal in oral flora
50
What is the cause of anthrax?
Bacillus anthracis
51
What strains of anaerobic cocci exist? Anaerobic streptococci
Anaerobic streptococci
52
How does clostridium difficile spread?
In hospitals via spores
53
In hospitals via spores
How does clostridium difficile spread?
54
Which form of gram positive bacteria form clusters?
Staphylococci
55
Give an example of a staphylococci - coagulase positive bacteria and describe its effect
Staphylococcus aureus - commensal in noseMajor pathogen Causes boils, soft tissue infections, septicaemia and food poisoning
56
Staphylococcus aureus - commensal in noseMajor pathogenCauses boils, soft tissue infections, septicaemia and food poisoning
Give an example of a staphylococci - coagulase positive bacteria and describe its effect
57
Give an example of a group A streptococci beta haemolytic
Streptococcus pyogens Major pathogen Sore throats, cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis
58
Which strain of staphylococcus aureus poses a major risk for infection prevention and control? MRSA, methicilin resistant
MRSA, methicilin resistant
59
Why is staphylococcus aureus commonly penicillin resistant?
They produce beta lactamse - provides antibiotic resistance to antibiotics with a four atom ring known as a beta lactam
60
What type of organism is C.Diff?
Anaerobic Bacilli
61
When can coagulase negative staphylococcus bacteria become pathogenic? In the presence of foreign bodies (prosthesis)?
In the presence of foreign bodies (prosthesis)?
62
Which form of gram positive bacteria form chains?
Streptococci
63
What is used for immunisation against Clostridium tetani?
Antigenically modified toxin
64
When can coagulase negative staphylococcus bacteria become pathogenic?
In the presence of foreign bodies (prosthesis)?
65
What type of organism is C.Diff? Anaerobic Bacilli
Anaerobic Bacilli
66
Which strain of staphylococcus aureus poses a major risk for infection prevention and control? MRSA, methicilin resistant
MRSA, methicilin resistant
67
Streptococcus pyogens Major pathogen Sore throats, cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis
Give an example of a group A streptococci beta haemolytic
68
Give an example of a group A streptococci beta haemolytic
Streptococcus pyogens Major pathogen Sore throats, cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis
69
What type of commensals are coagulase negative staphylococcus bacteria? Skin commensalsStaph epidermis
Skin commensals Staph epidermis
70
Which form of gram positive bacteria form clusters? Staphylococci
Staphylococci
71
What strains of anaerobic cocci exist? Anaerobic streptococci
Anaerobic streptococci
72
What is the cause of anthrax?
Bacillus anthracis
73
What does viridians streptococci cause? Aplha Haemolytic
Infective endocarditis - Infection of the heart valves Normal in oral flora
74
Where can you find Clostridium perfringens? In the soil and normal commensal in human and animal gut/faeces
In the soil and normal commensal in human and animal gut/faeces
75
Clostridium botulinum
What is the source of botox?
76
What is the source of botox?
What is the source of botox?
77
What are the three types of streptococci?
Alpha haemolytic - partial haemolysis (turns blood agar green) Beta haemolytic - Complete haemolysis (turns blood agar clear) Non- haemolytic
78
Streptococcus agalactiaeCauses neonatal sepsisMeningitisBacteraemia
Give an example of group B streptococci
79
Give an example of group B streptococci
Streptococcus agalactiae Causes : neonatal sepsis Meningitis Bacteraemia
80
What small aerobic bacilli is responsible for meningitis? Listeria Monocytogenes
Listeria Monocytogenes
81
What does clostridium tetani produce? Toxins which cause tetanusuncontrolled muscle spasm - loss of inhibition at neuromuscluar junction
Toxins which cause tetanus uncontrolled muscle spasm - loss of inhibition at neuromuscluar junction
82
What are the further divisions of beta haemolytic streptococci?
Identified further by lancefield groupings - based on surface antigens Groups A-G **_ABD_** clinically most important
83
What type of organism is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Alpha haemolytic streptococcui
84
What does C. diff cause?
diarrhoea
85
What is responsible for diptheria?
Corynebacterium diptheriae Small aerobic bacilli
86
What are the large aerobic bacilli?
Bacillus cerus - food poisoning Bacillus anthracis

Foundations of Medicine (167 decks)

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