Drug Therapy : Drug Delivery Systems Flashcards
<p>What are different kinds of drug delivery?</p>
<p>Oral</p>
<p>Intravenous (IV)</p>
<p>Transdermal</p>
<p>Carrier based</p>
<p>What are different forms of drugs that may be given to patients?</p>
<p>Tablets or capsules</p>
<p>Solutions or suspensions</p>
<p>Ointments and creams</p>
<p>Inhalation</p>
<p>Injections</p>
<p>Suppositories (insterted into rectum or vagina)</p>
<p>Pessaries (inserted into vagina)</p>
<p>What are soppositories?</p>
<p>Drugs that are inserted into the rectum or the vagina</p>
<p>What are pessaries?</p>
<p>Drugs that are inserted into the vagina</p>
<p>What are things that determine which drug delivery system to use?</p>
<p>Dose of the drug being given</p>
<p>Frequency of administration</p>
<p>Timing of administration</p>
<p>Disease being treated</p>
<p>What do we consider when deciding what dose to use?</p>
<p>Recommended dose</p>
<p>Impaired renal function</p>
<p>Impaired liver function</p>
<p>Age and weight</p>
<p>Disease to be treated</p>
<p>Drug toxicity</p>
<p>What is oral medication absorbed by?</p>
<p>The GI tract:</p>
<p></p>
<p>Buccal</p>
<p>Sublingual</p>
<p>Oral</p>
<p>Rectal</p>
<p>What are solutions and suspension useful for?</p>
<p>Giving medicine to the young, elderly and patients with swollowing difficulties</p>
<p>What is an advantage of using solutions or suspensions?</p>
<p>Absorbed extrememly rapidly</p>
<p>What does the absorption of solutions or suspensions depend on?</p>
<p>Gastric emptying and is more rapid from the small intestine</p>
<p>Where is absorption from solutions or suspensions most rapid from?</p>
<p>Small intestine</p>
<p>What is the rate limiting step for the absorption of tablets?</p>
<p>Dissolution (tablet breakdown)</p>
<p>What are the advantages of using tablets or capsules?</p>
<p>Convenience</p>
<p>Accuracy of dose</p>
<p>Reproducibility</p>
<p>Drug stability</p>
<p>Ease of mass production</p>
<p>What do enteric coated tablets do?</p>
<p>Delay the disintegration of the tablet until it reaches the small instestine</p>
<p>Why would enteric coated tablets be used?</p>
<p>Protect the drug from stomach acid</p>
<p>Protect the stomach from the drug</p>
<p>What are prolonged release formulations useful for?</p>
<p>Most disorders required prolonged therapy</p>
<p>Maintains drug level within a therapeutic range</p>
<p>Reduces the need for frequent dosing</p>
<p>Compliance is improved</p>
<p>What kind of therapy do most disorders require?</p>
<p>Prolonged therapy</p>
<p>What are different kinds of prolonged release drugs?</p>
<p>Oral preparations</p>
<p>Parenteral preparations (intermuscular injections)</p>
<p>Surgical implants</p>
<p>What can you not do when using prolonged release drugs?</p>
<p>Swap someone from one form to another</p>
<p>What are prodrugs?</p>
<p>Synthesised inactive derivatives of an active drug which requires to be metabolically activated after administration</p>
<p>What are the advantages of using prodrugs?</p>
<p>Prolongation of duration of action</p>
<p>Avoidance of the drug in the gut</p>
<p>What are buccal and sublingual adminstration ideal for?</p>
<p>Drugs which have an extensive first pass metabolism</p>
<p>What are sublingual tablets?</p>
<p>Ones which dissolve slowly under the tongue</p>
<p>Who is the rectal route often used for?</p>
<p>Young</p>
<p>Old</p>
<p>Patients unable to swollow</p>
<p>What is an advantage of using the rectal route?</p>
<p>Bypass first pass metabolism</p>
<p>How may drugs from the rectal route act?</p>
<p>Locally</p>
<p>Systematically</p>
<p>How do drugs from the vaginal route act?</p>
<p>Locally</p>
<p>What do drugs from the vaginal route include?</p>
<p>Creams</p>
<p>Pessaries</p>
<p>What do injection based drug delivery systems include?</p>
<p>Intravenous (IV)</p>
<p>Intramuscular</p>
<p>Subcutaneous</p>
<p>Intradermal</p>
<p>What do injection based drugs provide?</p>
<p>Fast systematic effects by bypassing first pass metabolism</p>
<p>What can you say about the half life of injection based drugs?</p>
<p>Short half life</p>
<p>What is useful about the infusion on injection based drugs?</p>
<p>Can be infused continuously</p>
<p>What kinds of patents who are not able to swollow drugs can injection based drugs be given to?</p>
<p>Unconscious ones</p>
<p>When are drugs given intravaneously?</p>
<p>Rapid onset of action is required</p>
<p>Careful control of plasma level is required</p>
<p>Drug has a short half life</p>
<p>How may IV formulations be given?</p>
<p>Rapidly</p>
<p>Slowly (prevent toxic effects)</p>
<p>Continuous infusion to ensure acurate control</p>
<p>Why would an IV drug be infused slowly?</p>
<p>To prevent toxic effects</p>
<p>Why would an IV drug be infused continuously?</p>
<p>Ensure accurate control</p>
<p>What is an intramuscular injection?</p>
<p>Injection given into muscle mass</p>
<p>What is an advantage of intramuscular injection?</p>
<p>Allows more sustained duration of action up to months</p>
<p>What is a subcutaneous injection?</p>
<p>Injection applied under the skin</p>
<p>What is the advantage of a subcutaneous injection?</p>
<p>Bypass the nedd for venous access</p>
<p>What are transdermal drug delivery systems?</p>
<p>Adhesive patches containing the drug are applied to the skin where the drug then crosses the skin surface by diffusion and enters systematic circulation</p>
<p>What is an advantage of transdermal drug deliver systems?</p>
<p>Bypass first pass metabolism</p>
<p>What does inhalation drugs do?</p>
<p>Delivers drugs directly to the things for local effect or to achieve systematic effect</p>
<p>What is an advantage of inhalation drugs?</p>
<p>Rapid effect using smaller doses so less side effects</p>
<p>What does utilising carriers allow?</p>
<p>Small amounts of drugs to be administered and to be taken to where they are needed</p>
<p>What are examples of pharmaceutical carriers?</p>
<p>Micelles</p>
<p>Vesicles</p>
<p>Multifunctional dendritic polymers</p>
<p>Nanospheres</p>
<p>Nanocapsules</p>
<p>Liquid crystals</p>
<p>Why does the colour of a drug have an impact on its effect?</p>
<p>The placebo effect</p>
