Tumor Viruses & Retroviruses

Question 1

Most __ tumor-causing viruses are ____.

Answer 1

• RNA tumor-causing

- Retroviruses

Question 2

___-promoting inflammation can contribute to cancer.

Answer 2

tumor

Question 3

Most __ viruses replicate in the nucleus.

Answer 3

DNA

*Pox is the exception

Question 4

Most DNA viruses encode their own:

Answer 4

DNA polymerase

Question 5

Some DNA viruses induce:

Answer 5

cell proliferation and can cause cancer

Question 6

Over-expression or an activating mutation of genes can lead to:

Answer 6

cancer

Question 7

Inhibition, or loss of function mutation, of what three things can lead to cancer?

Answer 7

p53, p16, and RB1

Question 8

HIV 1 + HHV 8 = can lead to:

Answer 8

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Question 9

Five cancer-causing viruses:

Answer 9

HBV, HCV, EBV, HHV8, HPV

Question 10

What virus has warts that infect the cutaneous epithelium?

Answer 10

HPV

Question 11

Infection of what epithelium can cause cervical cancer?

Answer 11

mucosal

Question 12

What types of HPV are associated with most cervical cancer cases?

Answer 12

16 and 18

Question 13

What types of HPV are associated with genital warts cases?

Answer 13

6 and 11

Question 14

HPV causes degradation of __ and __ through __ and __ proteins (these are oncogenes)

Answer 14

p53 and pRb

E6 and E7 (oncogenes)

Question 15

What are the two vaccines available for HPV?

Answer 15

Gardasil (6, 11, 16, 18) and Cervarix (16, 18)

Question 16

What were the first vaccines intended as anti-cancer vaccines?

Answer 16

HPV

Question 17

Are retroviruses enveloped?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

RNA-dependent DNA polymerase:

Answer 18

Reverse transcriptase

Question 19

What are the 5 retroviruses that humans have?

Answer 19

HIV 1 , 2
HTLV 1 , 2
Human Spumavirus

Question 20

What virus can cause Burkitt’s Lymphoma and Nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

Answer 20

EBV

Question 21

Where does reverse transcription take place in cell?

Answer 21

Cytoplasm

Question 22

Three ways retroviruses can cause cancer:

Answer 22

1. Delivery of viral oncogene (v-onc) into a cell by infection
2. insertional (integration) oncogenesis
3. retroviral transcription factors

(“rats” insert themselves where they don’t belong and they deliver food to family)

Question 23

Simple retrovirus has about how many base pairs?

Answer 23

9,000

Question 24

Activation of an oncogene can occur by:

Answer 24

insertion of a retrovirus (which results in excessive transcription using the retroviral promotor)

Question 25

Inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene can occur by:

Answer 25

insertion of retrovirus

RV just inserts itself in the tumor surpassing gene, limiting its ability to “suppress tumors”

Question 26

HPV-related cancer is considered an:

Answer 26

epidemic

but few get vaccinated bc its expensive

Question 27

How does EMB lead to cancer?

Answer 27

Causing over expression of oncogene (c-myc)

Question 28

How does EMB inhibit apoptosis?

Answer 28

Virus brings in Bcl2, and high amounts of Bcl2 prevents the cell from dying.
EBV –> B cells –> Bcl2

Question 29

What vaccine is in high demand among gay men?

Answer 29

Gardasil - because it protects against genital warts