Tumor Viruses & Retroviruses Flashcards
Most __ tumor-causing viruses are ____.
- RNA tumor-causing
- Retroviruses
___-promoting inflammation can contribute to cancer.
tumor
Most __ viruses replicate in the nucleus.
DNA
*Pox is the exception
Most DNA viruses encode their own:
DNA polymerase
Some DNA viruses induce:
cell proliferation and can cause cancer
Over-expression or an activating mutation of genes can lead to:
cancer
Inhibition, or loss of function mutation, of what three things can lead to cancer?
p53, p16, and RB1
HIV 1 + HHV 8 = can lead to:
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Five cancer-causing viruses:
HBV, HCV, EBV, HHV8, HPV
What virus has warts that infect the cutaneous epithelium?
HPV
Infection of what epithelium can cause cervical cancer?
mucosal
What types of HPV are associated with most cervical cancer cases?
16 and 18
What types of HPV are associated with genital warts cases?
6 and 11
HPV causes degradation of __ and __ through __ and __ proteins (these are oncogenes)
p53 and pRb
E6 and E7 (oncogenes)
What are the two vaccines available for HPV?
Gardasil (6, 11, 16, 18) and Cervarix (16, 18)
What were the first vaccines intended as anti-cancer vaccines?
HPV
Are retroviruses enveloped?
Yes
RNA-dependent DNA polymerase:
Reverse transcriptase
What are the 5 retroviruses that humans have?
HIV 1 , 2
HTLV 1 , 2
Human Spumavirus
What virus can cause Burkitt’s Lymphoma and Nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
EBV
Where does reverse transcription take place in cell?
Cytoplasm
Three ways retroviruses can cause cancer:
- Delivery of viral oncogene (v-onc) into a cell by infection
- insertional (integration) oncogenesis
- retroviral transcription factors
(“rats” insert themselves where they don’t belong and they deliver food to family)
Simple retrovirus has about how many base pairs?
9,000
Activation of an oncogene can occur by:
insertion of a retrovirus (which results in excessive transcription using the retroviral promotor)
Inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene can occur by:
insertion of retrovirus
RV just inserts itself in the tumor surpassing gene, limiting its ability to “suppress tumors”
HPV-related cancer is considered an:
epidemic
but few get vaccinated bc its expensive
How does EMB lead to cancer?
Causing over expression of oncogene (c-myc)
How does EMB inhibit apoptosis?
Virus brings in Bcl2, and high amounts of Bcl2 prevents the cell from dying.
EBV –> B cells –> Bcl2
What vaccine is in high demand among gay men?
Gardasil - because it protects against genital warts
