HIV Flashcards
In the late 70s, cases of what were popping up in LA and NY? (4)
- pneumocystis pneumonia
- oral candidiasis
- Kaposi’s sarcoma
- lymphadenopathy
What is the source of HIV-1 transmission to humans (in the Congo)?
Chimpanzee
HIV is transmitted primarily via __, ___ (transfusions, IV drug use), and ___ (not a big risk though)
sex
blood
saliva (not a big risk)
Can HIV be vertically transmitted?
Yes
Most efficient way to transmit the virus is through:
- receptive anal sex
- needle sharing
HIV is present in ___ and ___ secretions
semen and vaginal
The likelihood of transmission significantly decreases when the patient is on:
antiviral tx (bc low viral load)
HIV has an ___ and ___ capsid.
outer and inner capsid
*inner has the genome
Four anti-viral drugs for HIV:
- RT inhibitors (prevents reverse transcription)
- Protease inhibitors (prevents virus from budding from cell membrane and infecting other cells)
- Fusion inhibitors (prevents initial fusion with cell membrane)
- Integrase inhibitors (prevents virus integration into chromosome)
HIV infection occurs in what cells?
- Activated CD4 T cells
- Resting CD4 T cells
- Macrophages
Discuss HIV infection and activated CD4 T cells.
these cells are the ones that make most of the virus
Discuss HIV infection and resting CD4 T cells.
these cells are latently infected and cannot be eliminated currently (these cells replicate if patient stops HAART)
Discuss HIV infection and macrophages.
these cells can also be infected but don’t die from infection (but their function is impaired)
What diagnostic test is rapid and sensitive, but can have false positive (won’t miss anyone)?
Primary screen
*use ELISA
What diagnostic test is more expensive and laborious, but won’t have false positives?
Confirmatory test
*use Western Blot
