Flu Flashcards
There are __ HA and __ NA classes
17 HA
10 NA
Each segment codes for:
one or two proteins
There is a helical capsid present for:
each RNA segment (so 8 total)
Molecule that mediates binding and entry into the cell
HA (Hemagglutinin)
HA binds to ___ modifications to proteins into the cells
sialic acid
Is used for getting out of cells.
NA (Neuraminidase)
Is used after the entry to allow release of the virus into the cell.
Ion channel (M2)
NA and HA are used in ___ flu to classify them
Type A
Type of flu that is the one that causes the pandemics every year and we are worried about
Type A
Antigenic Shift =
Type A and B
Antigenic Drift =
Type A, B, C
__ causes non-epidemic seasonal flu.
Type B
Type of flu that doesn’t infect humans.
Type C
Influenza enters our cells via:
endosome
What does the drug Amantadine do and why isn’t it used anymore?
Disables M2 protein so that viral uncoating can’t occur
*virus developed resistance to it
(aMan, M2)
What do NA inhibitors do and what are two examples of them?
Inhibit release of virions and promote clumping!
*Tamiflu (oseltamivir) and Relenza (zanamivir)
Tamiflu is also called:
oseltamivir (oral!)
“Tami “Too”
Relenza is also called:
zanamivir (inhaled)
__ cleaves the sialic acid off the surface of the cell during virus production allowing the viruses to be released, otherwise they would just be stuck like velcro
NA
Type __ viruses are sub-typed by the HA and NA proteins
A
Hemagglutinates red blood cells
HA
Antigenic ___ is what makes new strains each season
drift (small mutations!)
Viremia is present in:
severe pandemic flu, not in seasonal flu
Flu viruses infect ____ in lower respiratory tract.
columnar epithelial cells
causes the tracheal mucosal epithelium to lose ciliary cells!!
What triggers the interferon response in influenza?
when the dsRNA forms
Vaccine approved for use in healthy people and those who are allergic to eggs.
LAIV (FluMist)
*not to pregnant people, good for kids, nasal spray
What are the highly conserved portions of the influenza virus that they are trying to make a permanent vaccine for?
- internal viral proteins matrix 1
- nucleoprotein
- generates T cell immunity rather than antibody response
