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Microbiology > Flu > Flashcards

Flu Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

There are __ HA and __ NA classes

A

17 HA

10 NA

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2
Q

Each segment codes for:

A

one or two proteins

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3
Q

There is a helical capsid present for:

A

each RNA segment (so 8 total)

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4
Q

Molecule that mediates binding and entry into the cell

A

HA (Hemagglutinin)

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5
Q

HA binds to ___ modifications to proteins into the cells

A

sialic acid

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6
Q

Is used for getting out of cells.

A

NA (Neuraminidase)

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7
Q

Is used after the entry to allow release of the virus into the cell.

A

Ion channel (M2)

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8
Q

NA and HA are used in ___ flu to classify them

A

Type A

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9
Q

Type of flu that is the one that causes the pandemics every year and we are worried about

A

Type A

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10
Q

Antigenic Shift =

A

Type A and B

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11
Q

Antigenic Drift =

A

Type A, B, C

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12
Q

__ causes non-epidemic seasonal flu.

A

Type B

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13
Q

Type of flu that doesn’t infect humans.

A

Type C

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14
Q

Influenza enters our cells via:

A

endosome

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15
Q

What does the drug Amantadine do and why isn’t it used anymore?

A

Disables M2 protein so that viral uncoating can’t occur
*virus developed resistance to it
(aMan, M2)

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16
Q

What do NA inhibitors do and what are two examples of them?

A

Inhibit release of virions and promote clumping!

*Tamiflu (oseltamivir) and Relenza (zanamivir)

17
Q

Tamiflu is also called:

A

oseltamivir (oral!)

“Tami “Too”

18
Q

Relenza is also called:

A

zanamivir (inhaled)

19
Q

__ cleaves the sialic acid off the surface of the cell during virus production allowing the viruses to be released, otherwise they would just be stuck like velcro

A

NA

20
Q

Type __ viruses are sub-typed by the HA and NA proteins

A

A

21
Q

Hemagglutinates red blood cells

A

HA

22
Q

Antigenic ___ is what makes new strains each season

A

drift (small mutations!)

23
Q

Viremia is present in:

A

severe pandemic flu, not in seasonal flu

24
Q

Flu viruses infect ____ in lower respiratory tract.

A

columnar epithelial cells

causes the tracheal mucosal epithelium to lose ciliary cells!!

25
Q

What triggers the interferon response in influenza?

A

when the dsRNA forms

26
Q

Vaccine approved for use in healthy people and those who are allergic to eggs.

A

LAIV (FluMist)

*not to pregnant people, good for kids, nasal spray

27
Q

What are the highly conserved portions of the influenza virus that they are trying to make a permanent vaccine for?

A
  • internal viral proteins matrix 1
  • nucleoprotein
  • generates T cell immunity rather than antibody response

Microbiology (16 decks)

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