tulvings LTM Flashcards
A01
tucking suggested that out LTM could be broken down into key main components: episodic and semantic memory
episodic memories are memories from the past personal memories e.g. riding your bike for th4e first time these are time stamped and contex dependant, they are encoded via cues and retrieved through these ques.
episdic memories must pass through the semantic memory before it can be cemented as a LTM in the episodic memory
the cues to retrieve the memory a=over lap the memory themselves if the cue is not triggered the memory is not recall memory never decays
semantic memory is factual knowledge such as the capital of France is Paris, these are retrieved by automatic processes and are hard to forget
the episodic memory is said to underpin semantic memories
semantic memories don’t have any personal or temporal links therefore we can remember the fact but not remember how or when we learnt it
processed in fromtL ns temporal cortexes
doesnt reply on cues, retrieval occurs before learning
semantic memories are necessary for understanding and learning language
declarative memory: memory of meaningful events despite forgetting how to do it
a03.1
strength: Clive wearing supports the the idea of separate long term memory stores.
damage to hippocampus which prevented him from developing new episodic memories although he can still recall semantic memories such as general knowledge such as the fact he has a life and children but no memories with them, he also can. understand language and the meaning of words. demonstrating the presence of the semantic memory, and how there is seperate types of LTM’s
weaknes : case study
or
weakness: MSM suggests that there is only a unitary component not multi component, LINEAR processs where STM transfers to LTM by elaborative rehearsal
a03.2
strength: baddley supports. found that long term memories are encoded semantically, semantic encoding, attaching meaning to memory, tulvings supports as he suggests that semantic memories are encoded semantically, episodic memories have to pass through semantic before encoded as episodic
baddley found that when encoding into LTM struggled from semantic similarity as the LTM gets confused by smilarities as this is how it encodes but acoustic similar words no struggle recalling as ltm doesn’t pay attention to way words sound just smantics- meaning of words
weakness: although tulvings explanation is reductionist as it fails to mention a crucial part of out LTM, procedural memories which are skills that we remember how to do but don’t remember how we learnt it, this is evident by HM and Clive wearing case studies could both remember how to play piano- Clive and carry out tracing of star inversely, even though they had forgotten when or how they learnt it.
application
revision method-
knowledge of semantic memories semantically encoded my linking the fact/ info to memory e.g. word serenity to a holiday-
knowledge of having to understand the reasoning behind the concept to remember it
episodic memories- triggered by cues, cue cards
tulvings theory led to development of ‘ levels of processing theory’
memories are made based on based on the depth of processing
