Tuesday 2 - trachte - homeostasis Flashcards
This is the key integrator of homeostatic systems
Hypothalamus
How do local temp receptors respond to heat
Cause release of Nitric Oxide (NO) which increases bloodflow
(by converting GTP to cGMP, which then effects K currents or myosin light chains to cause relaxation of blood vessels)
eccrine sweating:
neurotransmitter?
receptor?
purpose?
what is the other type of sweating
neurotransmitter?
receptor?
purpose?
ACh
muscarinic
temp regulating
adrinergic sweating is nervous sweating:
Norepi
adrenergic receptors
nervous sweating
How does the skin respond to cold temperatures?
increase norepi release, reducing skin blood flow
How does a fever come about?
hypothalmus stimulated by interleukins
hypothalmus makes PGE2
fever
Parasympathetic mechanism to regulate heart rate
nerve?
receptor(s)?
vagus nerve
release ACh
muscarinic receptor
heart rate slows
blood pressure drops
two regions where the baro receptors are in the body
what happens when these are stimulated
carotid arteries and the aortic arch
decrease in the sympathetic system
what usually causes orthostatic hypotension in otherwise healthy people
dehydration
Where is the “pacemaker” for breathing?
what does it stimulate?
what type of nerve is this? what type of neuro transmitter? what type of receptor on the muscle?
Pre-boetzinger area of ventrolateral medulla
stimulates C3-C5 via phrenic nerve
somatic nerve, ACh, nicotinic
how do you get hydrogen ion in the CSF?
CO2 crosses BBB, carbonic anhydrase converts it into carbonic acid
lack of carbon dioxide sensors in the body lead to what?
ondine’s curse
hypoventilation while sleeping. can be fatal
external and internal bladder sphincter:
type of muscle, neurotransmitter, receptor for each
external:
skeletal
acetylcholine
nicotinic
internal:
involuntary muscle (smooth?…)
acetylcholine
muscarinic
drugs used to prevent incontinence
antimuscarinics (anti M3 receptor)
