Friday 4 - Krafts - Demyelinating disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Does MS wax and wane?

A

yup. sometimes patients have patterns, but Sx can be sporatic and diverse

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2
Q

HLA - DR2

what does it stand for

DR2 is related to what disease

A

human leukocyte antigen - mutations in these gene put people at risk for autoimmune disorders

similar to MHC.

variation on this is associated with MS

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3
Q

Do B cells play a role in MS

A

yup. don’t know what it is.

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4
Q

What is the significance of “oligoclonal bands”

A

show up in “gamma” region of a electrophoresis of CSF

It means you have a population of B cells each making the same type of antibody. We dont know why it happens, but it is diagnostic of MS.

you need to see them in the CSF and not a significant about in the blood to diagnose MS.

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5
Q

what is left after an MS plaque becomes inactive?

A

Gliosis, or a collection of astrocytes. they are trying to reestablish the neuropil and the BBB

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6
Q

Monophasic demyelination disorders

A

NOT MS

these diseases do not wax and wane

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7
Q

in MS plaques, what darkly staining cells hang out around the vessels?

A

lymphocytes

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8
Q

how can you tell astrocytes apart from oligodendrocytes?

A

astrocytes are larger and have a more see through cytoplasm

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9
Q

one Sx you should remember for MS

A

unilateral vision loss

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10
Q

acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

A

ADEM

diffuse monophasic demyelinating disorder following viral infection, usually in children

rapid onset headache, lethargy, coma

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11
Q

acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis

A

May be hyperacute ADEM

SUPER rare

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12
Q

central pontine myelinolysis

A

patient presents with hyponatremia (lack of salt in blood) that is corrected too fast.

oligodendrocytes in the pons are most susceptible to salt.

patients get flaccid paralysis turning into spastic paralysis days after Tx

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