Truman & Cold War, 1945-1952 Flashcards
Who was the 33rd president of the U.S.? He oversaw the end to WWII and had to deal with the beginning of the Cold War.
Pres. Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)
In 1944, the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act was passed and provided 15 million veterans with low-interest loans to buy homes and farms. The government paid for GIs college eduction, which created a middle class. What is another name for this act?
GI Bill of Rights
In 1945, this was the label given to the birth of 50 millions babies after World War II?
Baby Boom
In 1945, a majority of middle-class Americans moved to these areas, which made inner cities increasingly poor and racially divided.
Suburbs (Suburbia)
In 1946, Presiden Truman was the first to challenge racial discrimination by creating the Committee on Civil Rights. Where didTruman end discrimination?
Military (armed forces)
This act was passed in 1947, which was pro-business and anti-union. Outlawed several union accomplishments.
Taft-Hartley Act (1947)
Who were the Dixiecrats?
Souther Democrats who were against civil rights legislation.
In 1949, President Truman proposed his Fair Deal. What was included in his Fair Deal? Republicans blocked most of these reforms.
- Natoinal health care insurance
- Federal aid to education
- Civl rights legislation
What is the term given to the intense rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union between the years of 1945-1991?
Cold War
Describe U.S. and Soviet relations between the years after WWI in 1917-1945.
1917-Bolshevik Revolution (Communism)
1919-Red Sacre (Palmer Raids, Nativism)
1939-Nonaggression Pact, Stalin & Hitler
1945-Yalta and Potsdam conferences
In 1946, Churchill said this fell across Europe in which Stalin favored Communist dictators in the satellite states (buffer states).
“Iron Curtain”
What happened to Germany after WWII?
Germany was divided in half. A Democratic Western half and a Communist Eastern half.
In 1947, George F. Kennan wrote an influential article promoting the idea of stopping or containing the spread of Communism. What policy did this eventually become?
Containment Policy (1947)
In 1947, this doctrine promoted the idea of aiding nations fighting Communism. $400 million in aid was given to Greece and Turkey, who successfully defeated the Communists.
Truman Doctrine (1947)
In 1947, this plan loaned $17 billion to European countries to help revive their economies and strengthen democratic governments.
Marshall Plan (1947)
In 1947, the National Security Act created these three organizations.
- Department of Defense
- National Security Council (NSC)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
In 1948, this was the first major crisis of the Cold War. U.S. few planes with supplies into West Berlin for 11 months. Stalin eventually backed down and lifted the blockade.
Berlin Airlift (1948)
In 1948, this Jewish state was created, which the U.S. would have a difficult time maintaining friendly ties with oil-rich Arab states. Palestinians were removed from this territory.
Israel
In 1949, this military alliance was created to protect the Democratic countries of Western Europe.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
In 1955, the Soviets made their own military alliance to protect the Communist Eastern European countries.
Warsaw Pact (1955)
In 1949, China becomes Communist. Who was the Chinese Communist leader?
Mao Zedong
This war occurred between the years of 1950-1953 and tested the U.S. containment policy.
Korean War (1950-1953)
Where was Korea divided after the Korean War ended in 1953?
38th Parallel
This is the term given to the fear of Communism in American that their was a belief that there were Communists spies. A similar scare happened in the 1920s.
Second Red Scare
In 1940, this anti-communist act was passed that made it illegal to advocate the overthrow by force of the American government. Allowed for the arrest of Communist leaders.
Smith Act (1940)
In 1947, this board was created which investigated the background of more than 3 million federal employees.
Loyalty Review Board (1947)
In 1950, the McCarran Internal Security Act was passed which made it illegal to support what kind of governments?
Totalitarian governments
In 1951, this Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of the Smith Act of 1940.
Dennis et al. v. United States (1951)
In 1951, this congressional committee was created to investigate suspected Communists in the movie industry in Hollywood. The Hollywood Ten were blacklisted.
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
In 1950, this espionage case convicted this individual of spying and lying in court. Americans began to wonder if there were more Communists in the government.
Alger Hiss Case (1950)
In 1951, this couple were found guilty of treason and executed for spying. First Americans to be executed for espionage.
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
This Republican senator rose to power by playing on the fears of Americans concerning Communism.
Joseph McCarthy
Joseph McCarthy claimed there were 205 Communists in government and began an aggressive “witch-hunt” without any real evidence. What term was given to McCarthy’s antics during this period of paranoia and fear.
McCarthyism
In 1951, this amendment was passed to limit the president to only 2 terms or 10 years. This was passed because F.D.R. won four times.
22nd Amendment
In 1952, the U.S. successfully tests this bomb, which is a 1,000 times more powerful than the A-bomb.
Hydrogen Bomb (H-bomb)
