Econ. Transformation, 1790-1860

Question 1

This British immigrant built the first U.S. factory in 1791 and became known as the “Father of the Factory System.”

Answer 1

Samuel Slater

Question 2

This road stimulated the construction of other privately built toll roads that by the mid-1820s connected most of the country’s major cities.

Answer 2

Lancaster Turnpike (road)

Question 3

This paved highway and major route west was built with federal and state money.

Answer 3

National (Cumberland) Road

Question 4

This canal in New York linked the economies of western farms and eastern cities. Inspired to build canals to join together the major lakes and rivers.

Answer 4

Erie Canal

Question 5

This individual developed the first steamboat in 1807, the Clermont.

Answer 5

Robert Fulton

Question 6

This new transportation system boomed in the late 1820s, which small western towns expanded into commercial centers of the national economy.

Answer 6

Railroads

Question 7

This individual invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts, which became the basis for mass production methods.

Answer 7

Elie Whitney

Question 8

Elias Howe invented this new machine in 1846, which became a laborsaving device for women.

Answer 8

Sewing machine

Question 9

In the communication field, Samuel F.B. Morse in 1844 was the first to send a message through what machine?

Answer 9

Telegraph

Question 10

Corporations could raise capital (money) by selling shares of what in a company?

Answer 10

Stock

Question 11

Individuals could invest their money in what, which led to the building of factories, canals, and railroads for profits.

Answer 11

Corporations

Question 12

Manufacturing in the United States led to the growth of which two industries?

Answer 12

Banking and Insurance

Question 13

This was the name of the system in Lowell, Massachusetts that recruited young unmarried farms girls to work in textile (cloth) mills.

Answer 13

Lowell System & Lowell Girls

Question 14

Women worked for low wages in horrible conditions and factories also made use of what other kind of labor?

Answer 14

Child labor

Question 15

Long hours, low pay, and poor working conditions led to widespread discontent among factory workers.These organizations of workers in the early 1790s grew rapidly with the development of the factory system.

Answer 15

Unions (Trade Unions or Craft Unions)

Question 16

Due to Eli Whitney’s cotton gin, cotton became the most profitable cash crop in which region of the United States?

Answer 16

South

Question 17

The cotton gin allowed Southerners to increase their profits greatly. Where did Southern farmers begin to invest their money in huge sums?

Answer 17

Expansion of Slavery (Slaves)

Question 18

This term refers to the concept that farmers fed the workers in the cities, who in turn provided farm families with an array of mass-produced consumer goods.

Answer 18

Market Revolution

Question 19

What term is used to describe one’s loyalty to a particular region?

Answer 19

Sectionalism

Question 20

Northern states were bound together by which two economic necessities?

Answer 20

Improved transportation and expansion of manufacturing

Question 21

Low pay, long hours, and unsafe working conditions caused unions to organize. Which Supreme Court case ruled that unions had the right to negotiate?

Answer 21

Commonwealth v. Hunt

Question 22

This term refers to the rapid growth of cities that led to crowded housing, poor sanitation, infectious diseases, and high rates of crime.

Answer 22

Urbanization

Question 23

What did John Deere invent?

Answer 23

Steel plow

Question 24

What did Cyrus McCormick invent?

Answer 24

Mechanical reaper

Question 25

From the founding of the country to the surge of immigration between 1830-1860, where did most immigrants come from?

Answer 25

Northwestern Europe

Question 26

Name four reasons why immigrants came to the United States?

Answer 26

1. Inexpensive ocean transportation
2. Famines and revolutions in Europe
3. America has economic opportunities
4. America offers political freedom

Question 27

What two benefits did immigrants provide for U.S. businesses?

Answer 27

Immigrants provided cheap labor and increased demand for consumer goods

Question 28

Half our early immigrants came from which country? This country had a potato famine in the 1840s. These people also faced discrimination in America because of their Roman Catholic religion.

Answer 28

Ireland or the Irish

Question 29

Germans were another immigrant group that came to America. They were skilled farmers and artisans. They also were staunch opponents of what?

Answer 29

Slavery

Question 30

The flood of immigrants in the U.S. caused resentment among Americans. Furthermore, American Protestants distrusted Catholics, which led to which antiforeign party?

Answer 30

Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner, which later became the Know-Nothing Party

Question 31

What is the term that is used to describe anti-immigrant Americans?

Answer 31

Nativists

Question 32

What became king in the South during the industrial revolution in the United States?

Answer 32

King Cotton

Question 33

What is the term given to describe America before the Civil War?

Answer 33

Antebellum

Question 34

Southern slavery earned what nickname in the North whenever it was being discussed?

Answer 34

The “Peculiar Institution”

Question 35

Which African slave planned a revolt in South Carolina in 1822. He would be captured and later executed.

Answer 35

Denmark Vesey

Question 36

Which African slave planned a revolt in Virginia in 1831. 60 whites were killed and Southerners blamed The Liberator (antislavery newspaper) for the revolt.

Answer 36

Nat Turner

Question 37

The Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner slave revolts drove southern states to further tighten what?

Answer 37

Strict slave codes

Question 38

What four groups made up white society before the industrial revolution became widespread throughout the Northeast?

Answer 38

1. Aristocracy (wealthy planters)
2. Farmers (fewer than 20 slaves)
3. Poor Whites (no slaves)
4. Mountain people (disliked slaves)

Question 39

These individuals were pushed further and further west as white settlers encroached on their original homelands.

Answer 39

Native Americans

Question 40

What term is used to describe the western territories that settlers began to occupy. These western territories offered new opportunities and land.

Answer 40

The Frontier