Progressive Era, 1901-1918

Question 1

Industrialization, immigration, and urbanization dramatically changed American society. This reform movement developed to deal with the unresolved issues that occurred during the Gilded Age between 1877-1900.

Answer 1

Progressive Movement/Progressivism (1901-1918)

Question 2

Who were the Progressives?

Answer 2

1. Use government to fix social problems.
2. Use government to regulate industries.
3. Use government to improve labor conditions.
4. Progressives were middle-class citizens.

Question 3

Who were some Republican progressives?

Answer 3

Theodore Roosevelt & Robert La Follette

Question 4

Who were some Democratic progressives?

Answer 4

William Jennings Bryan & Woodrow Wilson

Question 5

What were some goals of the progressives?

Answer 5

1. Fight corruption in politics.
2. Limit the power of big business
3. Temperance movement
4. Women’s suffrage
5. Help immigrants.
6. Help labor/unions.

Question 6

What were some of the political reforms of the progressives?

Answer 6

1. Secret ballot.
2. Direct election of U.S. senators. (17th Amendment)
3. Initiative, influence the legislature to consider a bill.
4. Referendum, allowed citizens to vote on laws.
5. Recall, remove a corrupt politician from office.
6. Women’s suffrage.

Question 7

What were some of the economic reforms of the progressives?

Answer 7

1. Child labor laws.
2. Antitrust legislation.
3. Pure Food and Drug Act.

Question 8

What were the progressive constitutional amendments?

Answer 8

16th-Congress can collect income taxes.
17th-Senators elected by popular vote.
18th-Prohibition banned alcohol.
19th-Granted women the right to vote.

Question 9

Who became the 26th president of the U.S. and would become the first progressive president?

Answer 9

Pres. Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)

Question 10

Which progressive issues did Teddy Roosevelt address?

Answer 10

1. Breakup trusts (monopolies).
2. Regulate unsanitary meatpacking industries.
3. Require truthful labels on products.
4. Conservation of natural resources.

Question 11

Presidents in the 19th century had consistently taken the side of business in its conflict with labor. How was Teddy Roosevelt different?

Answer 11

Roosevelt insisted on a “Square Deal” for both labor and business.

Question 12

In 1902, Roosevelt successfully intervened in this strike between miners and the mine owners?

Answer 12

Anthracite Coal Strike (1902)

Workers got a 10% wage increase and a 9-hour day.

Question 13

In 1903, this progressive Wisconsin governor allowed citizens to choose their candidates by majority vote. This direct primary overthrew boss rule.

Answer 13

Gov. Robert La Follette

Question 14

In 1904, Roosevelt broke up the power of powerful railroad monopolies and took action against Standard Oil and 40 other large corporations. What was this called?

Answer 14

Trust-busting (breakup the bad trusts and keep the good trusts)

Question 15

These two acts attempted to regulate railroads.

Answer 15

Elkins Act (1903) - strengthened the powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Hepburn Act (1906)-ICC could fix "just and reasonable" rates.

Question 16

In 1905, the Industrial Workers of the World formed, which promoted violence and socialism. What was the nickname given to this group.

Answer 16

“Wobblies”

Question 17

In 1905, W.E.B. Du Bois met with black intellectuals to discuss equal rights for blacks. Where was the meeting held and what did this movement become?

Answer 17

Niagara Movement (Niagara Falls, Canada)

Question 18

These were early 20th century journalists who exposed illegal business practices, social injustices, and corrupt urban political bosses.

Answer 18

Muckrakers

Question 19

Henry Demarest Lloyd wrote this book where he attacked the practices of the Standard Oil Company and the railroads. Failed to suggest how to control these companies.

Answer 19

Wealth Against Commonwealth (1881)

Question 20

Jacob Riis wrote this book about American industry and the poor living conditions in tenements.

Answer 20

How the Other Half Lives (1890)

Question 21

Lincoln Steffens wrote this book which described the corrupt deals of big-city politics.

Answer 21

The Shame of the Cities (1904)

Question 22

Theodore Dreiser wrote these books where he portrayed greedy and ruthless industrialists.

Answer 22

The Financier & The Titan

Question 23

Ida Tarbell wrote this book that was a critical history of the Standard Oil Company.

Answer 23

Mother of Trusts

Question 24

In 1906, Upton Sinclair wrote this book were he exposed the unsanitary conditions in meat packing industries in Chicago.

Answer 24

The Jungle (1906)

Question 25

In 1906, this act was passed that allowed federal inspectors to visit meatpacking plants to ensure that they met minimum standards of sanitation. The Jungle helped get this act passed.

Answer 25

Meat Inspection Act (1906)

Question 26

In 1906, this act forbade the manufacture, sale, and transportation of mislabeled foods and drugs.

Answer 26

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

Question 27

In 1908, Roosevelt set up this commission because he loved the wilderness and wanted to protect the environment.

Answer 27

National Conservation Commission

Question 28

Who did Roosevelt appoint as the director of the U.S. Forest Service?

Answer 28

Gifford Pinchot

Question 29

In 1908, this group was founded by W.E.B. Du Bois and the members of the Niagara Movement along with white progressives. Wanted to abolish all forms of segregation and increase educational opportunities.

Answer 29

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)

Question 30

Who became the 27th president of the U.S. simply because Roosevelt endorsed him?

Answer 30

Pres. William H. Taft (1909-1913)

Question 31

In 1909, the Republican party began to split between Taft & Roosevelt. This tariff was the beginning of increased tensions because it angered progressives.

Answer 31

Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1909)

Question 32

In 1910, this controversy where Taft fired Gifford Pinchot led to the Republican Party splitting between the conservatives who followed Taft and the progressives who followed Roosevelt.

Answer 32

Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy (1910)

Question 33

In 1911, this horrific event convinced progressives to push for reform in safety and health conditions in factories.

Answer 33

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)

Question 34

The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901 and called for radical reforms like public ownership of railroads, utilities, and major industries like oil and steel. Who was the founder and leader of the Socialist Party?

Answer 34

Eugene V. Debs

Question 35

Who won the election of 1912 between Taft (Republican) Roosevelt (Bull Moose Party) and Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) to become the 28th president of the U.S?

Answer 35

Pres. Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)

Question 36

What was Pres. Wilson’s plan called that attacked the “triple wall of privilege”: tariffs, banking, and trusts.

Answer 36

New Freedom

Question 37

In 1913, this tariff lowered tariff rates for the first time in over 50 years to bring consumer prices down.

Answer 37

Underwood Tariff (1913)

Question 38

In 1913, this amendment authorized the government to collect an income tax.

Answer 38

16th Amendment (1913)

Question 39

In 1913, this amendment allowed for the direct election of Senators. State legislatures picked them before.

Answer 39

17th Amendment (1913)

Question 40

In 1914, this act established 12 district banks that issued dollar bills.

Answer 40

Federal Reserve Act (1914)

Question 41

In 1914, this act strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act for breaking up monopolies.

Answer 41

Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)

Question 42

In 1914, this regulatory agency could investigate and take action against any “unfair trade practice.”

Answer 42

Federal Trade Commission (1914)

Question 43

In 1916, this act prohibited interstate commerce shipments of products manufactured by children under 14. It was later declared unconstitutional in the court case Hammer v. Dagenhart.

Answer 43

Child Labor Act (1916)

Question 44

In 1916, Alice Paul used more militant approach for women’s suffrage by going to the streets with mass pickets, parades, and hunger strikes. Wanted a constitutional amendment granting women’s suffrage. What was her group called?

Answer 44

National Woman’s Party (1916)

Question 45

In 1919, this amendment allowed for prohibition. The Volstead Act was passed to enforce the prohibition of alcohol.

Answer 45

18th Amendment (1919)

Question 46

In 1919, this amendment granted women’s suffrage.

Answer 46

19th Amendment (1919)

Question 47

Progressives did nothing about segregation and lynching because of what two reasons?

Answer 47

1. They shared in the general prejudice of blacks.

2. They considered reforms that benefited everyone in society instead of just one group.

Question 48

African American leaders differed on the approach of gaining civil rights. Which leader focused on economics and argued that blacks needed education and economic progress before civil rights.

Answer 48

Booker T. Washington

Question 49

African American leaders differed on the approach of gaining civil rights. Which leader demanded equal rights for African Americans. Argued political and social rights were a must for economic independence.

Answer 49

W.E.B. Du Bois

Question 50

What event ended the Progressive Era?

Answer 50

World War I (1914-1918)