The West & New South, 1865-1900

Question 1

What is another term used to describe western territories?

Answer 1

The Frontier

Question 2

What is the name given to the Great Plains that supported 15 million buffalo and 250,000 Native Americas. The rush to settle this territory caused the near extermination of the buffalo and serious damage to the environment.

Answer 2

The Great American Desert

Question 3

Gold was discovered in California in 1848, which caused a flood of immigrants in 1849. Fearing job competition, white settlers pushed the legislature to pass what anti-immigration law?

Answer 3

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

Question 4

What was a big business in the West, but eventually ended with the arrival of settlers and the invention of barbed wire by Joseph Glidden?

Answer 4

Cattle drives

Question 5

To encourage settlers to move West, this act offered 160 acres in the Great Plains of public land free to any family that settled on it for 5 years. The best land ended up in the hands of railroad companies and speculators.

Answer 5

Homestead Act (1862)

Question 6

These are farmers who built their homes out of mud bricks on the dry and treeless plains.

Answer 6

Sodbusters

Question 7

This is the term given to Southern blacks who went West.

Answer 7

Exodusters

Question 8

This is the name of Frederick Jackson Turner’s influential thesis (essay) that stressed the importance of the frontier and how it promoted independence and individualism. Caused Americans to be inventive, but Americans were also wasteful toward natural resources.

Answer 8

“The Significance of the Frontier in American History” (1893)

Question 9

What is the term that refers to the government assigning plains tribes land with boundaries. Indians ignored these boundaries and continued to follow the migrating buffalo wherever they roamed.

Answer 9

Reservations

Question 10

Indian Wars broke out with the arrival of thousands of miners, cattlemen, and homesteaders in the West. General George Custer and 200 of his men were killed at this battle.

Answer 10

Battle of Little Bighorn (1876)

Question 11

This terrible event occurred when 200 peaceful Indians were murdered. This ended the Indian Wars.

Answer 11

Massacre at Wounded Knee (1890)

Question 12

This best selling book was written by Helen Hunt Jackson, which created sympathy for Indians, but most Americans proposed assimilation as the solution: education, training, and becoming Christian.

Answer 12

A Century of Dishonor (1881)

Question 13

This act in 1887, divided tribal land into plots of 160 acres and U.S. citizenship was granted to those who stayed 25 years. This intended to break up tribal organizations.

Answer 13

Dawes Act (1887)

Question 14

This movement was the last effort by Native Americans to resist U.S. domination and drive whites from their lands.

Answer 14

Ghost Dance Movement (1890)

Question 15

The New South’s economy was based on what three factors? Despite the improvement, the South remained largely agricultural and was one of the poorest regions in the country.

Answer 15

Capitalism, Industry, Improved Transportation

Question 16

George Washington Carver, scientist, promoted growing different crops instead of just cash crops. He studied at this school, which was founded by Booker T. Washington.

Answer 16

Tuskegee Institute (1881)

Question 17

The Farmer’s Southern Alliance and the Colored Farmer’s National Alliance were two organization that fought for what?

Answer 17

Farmers uniting to solve their economic problems.

Question 18

What ended in 1877 with the removal of troops from the South, which left Southerners to find their own solutions to social and economic problems. Redeemers used segregation and race to play on the racial fears of whites.

Answer 18

Reconstruction (1865-1877)

Question 19

The Supreme Court upheld a Louisiana Law requiring “separate but equal accommodations” for white and black passengers on railroads. This began the era of Jim Crow in 1896.

Answer 19

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Question 20

This is the term used to describe segregation laws or discrimination laws, which were passed by Southern states and segregation became the norm in all public places.

Answer 20

Jim Crow Laws

Question 21

Name three discriminatory laws that disenfranchised southern blacks from voting.

Answer 21

Grandfather Clause, Poll Tax, and Literacy Test

Question 22

Disenfranchisement, segregation and this murderous act left African Americans in the South powerless.

Answer 22

Lynching

Question 23

Henry Turner formed the International Migration Society that helped blacks emigrate to which country?

Answer 23

Africa

Question 24

This African American leader was the editor of the Memphis Free Speech and she campaigned against lynching and Jim Crow laws.

Answer 24

Ida B. Wells

Question 25

This former slave established an industrial and agricultural school in Tuskegee, Alabama.

Answer 25

Booker T. Washington

Question 26

This speech given by Booker T. Washington in 1895 encouraged blacks to seek economic opportunities rather than political rights. He supported segregation, which would later be attacked by civil rights leaders like W.E.B. Du Bois.

Answer 26

Atlanta Compromise Speech (1895)

Question 27

List some problems that farmers were facing in the post Civil War era.

Answer 27

1. Big commercial farming (bonanza farms).
2. Increased American production and global competition.
3. High rates for shipping by railroad companies.

Question 28

This movement 1868 is when farmers finally began to organize to fight back. Organized by Oliver H. Kelley, farmers took political action to protect farmer’s rights. Established cooperatives–businesses owned and run by farmers to save costs.

Answer 28

National Grange Movement (1868)

Question 29

Granger laws were passed to regulate the rates charged by who?

Answer 29

Railroads

Question 30

This court case resulted in the decision that a state could regulate businesses such as railroads.

Answer 30

Munn v. Illinois (1877)

Question 31

This court case resulted in the decision that states could not regulate interstate commerce. Railroad companies raised their long-haul (interstate) rates. Granger laws became nullified.

Answer 31

Wabash v. Illinois (1886)

Question 32

This act gave the federal government the power to regulate the railroads. Required railroad rates to be “reasonable and just.”

Answer 32

Interstate Commerce Act (1886)

Question 33

This was the first federal regulatory agency, which could investigate discriminatory railroad practices.

Answer 33

Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

Question 34

Farmer’s Alliances in the 1880s were similar to the Grange Movement in which farmers organized for what?

Answer 34

Political Action to solve their economic problems.

Question 35

This farmer’s alliance met in Ocala, Florida and created a platform which would have significant impact years later where a new political party would form. (Populist Party)

Answer 35

National Alliance (1890)

Question 36

The National Alliance created the Ocala Platform, which were the ideas of the Grange and Farmer’s alliances. This Ocala Platform would become apart of which movement?

Answer 36

Populist Movement (Populist Party)

Question 37

Name some of the reforms that the Populists wanted and listed in their Ocala Platform.

Answer 37

1. Direct election of U.S. senators.
2. Lower tariff rates.
3. Graduated income tax.
4. New banking system.
5. Increase silver into money supply
6. Federal loans to farmers.

Question 38

Which party would the Populists eventually merge with that would actually cause them to lose elections?

Answer 38

Democratic Party

Question 39

Who would become the leading Populist and eventual presidential candidate?

Answer 39

William Jennings Bryan

Question 40

The Populist Movement would be similar to what other movement/reforms beginning around 1901?

Answer 40

Progressive Movement