Foreign Policy, 1865-1914

Question 1

In 1867, Senator William H. Seward promoted the purchase of this territory from Russia for 7.2 million. At the time, this was called “Seward’s Folly” and “Seward’s Icebox.”

Answer 1

Alaska (1867)

Question 2

Industrialization in the 19th century encouraged foreign involvement for what two reasons?

Answer 2

1. Worldwide markets for surpluses.

2. Sources of raw materials for manufacturing.

Question 3

This term is given to the idea of using Darwin’s concept of the survival of the fittest and applying it to competition among nations.

Answer 3

International Darwinism

Question 4

This poem by Rudyard Kipling inspired Americans to believe it was their duty to “civilize” the “inferior races” of Africa and Asia.

Answer 4

“The White Man’s Burden”

Question 5

Missionaries like Josiah Strong wrote, Our Country: Its Possible Future and Present Crisis. This convinced American Protestants that it was their Christian duty to do what?

Answer 5

Colonize

Question 6

Republicans and business leaders supported imperialism for what two reasons?

Answer 6

1. New markets.

2. Raw materials.

Question 7

Navy Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan wrote, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890). What did he argue in his book?

Answer 7

A strong navy is crucial to become a world power.

Question 8

What war started in 1889? The Monroe Doctrine justified U.S. intervention in Cuba and the Caribbean.

Answer 8

Spanish-American War (1889)

Question 9

What were some causes of the Spanish-Ameircan War?

Answer 9

1. Jingoism, intense form of nationalism.
2. Cuban Revolt, fought Spain for 10 years.
3. Yellow Press, exaggerated Spanish atrocities.
4. De Lome Letter, insulted Americans.
5. USS Maine, battleship exploded in Cuba.

Question 10

In 1889, this amendment declared that the U.S. had no intention of taking control of Cuba and would allow for a Cuban government.

Answer 10

Teller Amendment (1889)

Question 11

In 1889, the Treaty of Peace (Paris) ended the Spanish-Ameircan War. What are some results from the war?

Answer 11

1. Cuban independence.
2. U.S. acquired Puerto Rico and Guam.
3. U.S. bought the Philippines from Spain.

Question 12

After the Spanish-American War, what was the Philippine question?

Answer 12

Does the Constitution follow the Flag? Do Constitutional rights apply to all the people in the territories that the U.S. controls?

Question 13

In the Insular Cases, the Supreme Court ruled that constitutional rights were not automatically extended to whom?

Answer 13

People living in the territories that the U.S. controls

Question 14

In 1898, the U.S. annexed this territory after American settlers overthrew the Queen.

Answer 14

Hawaii (1898)

Question 15

In 1898, the Anti-Imperialist League was founded by this fundamentalist and three time presidential candidate.

Answer 15

William Jennings Bryan

Question 16

In 1899, Secretary of State John Hay wrote these notes in which nations agreed to open trade up with China.

Answer 16

Open Door Notes (Open Door Policy)

Question 17

In 1900, this failed rebellion in China led to Chinese nationalists attacking settlements and murdered Christian missionaries and Chinese converts.

Answer 17

Boxer Rebellion (1900)

Question 18

In 1901, this amendment was added to the Cuban Constitution in which they had to agree to never sign a treaty with a foreign power, never build excessive debt, U.S. can intervene whenever necessary, and U.S. could build a naval base at Guantanamo Bay.

Answer 18

Platt Amendment (1901)

Question 19

In 1901, this treaty gave the U.S. the permission to dig a canal through Panama without British involvement.

Answer 19

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901)

Question 20

Which Republican president was assassinated in 1901, which made Theodore Roosevelt president?

Answer 20

Pres. William McKinley

Question 21

What was Roosevelt’s aggressive foreign policy plan that attempted to build the reputation of the U.S. as a world power.

Answer 21

Big-Stick Policy

“Speak softly and carry a big stick”

Question 22

In 1903, Teddy Roosevelt and the United States supported a revolution where in order to overthrow Columbian rule and have the right to build a canal.

Answer 22

Panama Revolution (1903)

Question 23

In 1904, this was added to the Monroe Doctrine in which it made the U.S. a police force in Latin America. U.S. would intervene to collect debts Latin American countries owed to the Europeans.

Answer 23

Roosevelt Corollary (1904)

Question 24

In 1906, Pres. Roosevelt negotiated the Treaty of Portsmouth. This treaty ended which war and earned Roosevelt the Nobel Peace Prize?

Answer 24

Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)

Question 25

In 1906, this agreement between the U.S. and Japan stated that Roosevelt would persuade California to repeal its law that segregated Japanese-American children in schools?

Answer 25

“Gentlemen’s Agreement” (1906)

Question 26

This was the name given to the U.S. naval fleet that toured the world between the years of 1907-1909.

Answer 26

Great White Fleet

Question 27

In 1908, this agreement between the U.S. and Japan stated that both nations would respect each other’s Pacific possessions and support the Open Door Policy in China.

Answer 27

Root-Takahira Agreement (1908)

Question 28

In 1909, this was Taft’s foreign policy plan. “Dollars over bullets.” Investments in countries would lead to stability in foreign countries and promote business interests.

Answer 28

Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy (1909)

Question 29

This was Woodrow Wilson’s plan for foreign policy in which Wilson opposed imperialism and the big-stick and dollar-diplomacy policies of his Republican predecessors.

Answer 29

Moral Diplomacy

Question 30

What is an example of President Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy in the Philippines?

Answer 30

The Jones Act guaranteed a bill of rights and universal male suffrage to Filipino citizens.

Question 31

What is an example of President Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy in Puerto Rico?

Answer 31

Granted U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans and provided for limited self-government.

Question 32

What is an example of President Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy in Panama?

Answer 32

U.S. ships had to pay a toll when they passed through the Panama Canal which they did not have to before.

Question 33

What conflict did President Woodrow Wilson have to deal with that was close to American borders?

Answer 33

Revolution and Civil War in Mexico

Question 34

President Woodrow Wilson sent General John J. Pershing to pursue who in Mexico?

Answer 34

Pancho Villa

Question 35

Which event caused President Wilson to withdraw General Pershing and this troops from Mexico?

Answer 35

World War I