Critical Period, 1783-1789 Flashcards
In 1783, this treaty ended the American Revolution and the British recognized American independence.
Treaty of Paris 1783
The Treaty of Paris of 1783 created which borders for the newly recognized United States.
West - Mississippi
North - Great Lakes
South - Spanish Florida
In 1786, this rebellion sparked frustrations in Massachusetts backcountry farmers who were losing their farms. This convinced American leaders that the Articles was too weak and needed a stronger government.
Shay’s Rebellion
This backcountry farmer led a rebellion in the United States because he wanted to end farm foreclosures, end imprisonment for debt, reduce high taxes, and increase paper money.
Daniel Shays
In a meeting in 1786, Alexander Hamilton asked the states to send delegates to meet one year later in Philadelphia to change the Articles of Confederation.
Annapolis Convention
In 1787, this was the name given to the meeting in Philadelphia for the purpose of creating a constitution that could raise an army, collect taxes, and regulate commerce.
Constitutional Convention
Who is considered the “Father of the Constitution?”
James Madison
This is known as the division of powers between the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of the our government.
Separation of Powers
This is a system in which each branch of government can check the power of the other branches.
Checks and Balances
This government position must enforce laws, can veto acts of Congress, serves a 4 year term, and originally had no term limit.
President
This body of government makes laws.
Congress
Did the U.S. Constitution allow slavery?
Yes
This was the system in which the president would be chosen by electors, not voters. Its purpose was to safeguard against direct popular vote. Founders feared mob rule.
Electoral College
The U.S. Constitution contains rules to remove the president, which is referred to as what?
Impeachment
This is the division of power between the federal and state governments.
Federalism
This compromise created a bicameral legislature (two houses). The New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan would both be used to form the legislative branch.
Great Compromise
Which house is based on equal representation and are elected by state legislatures?
Senate
Which house is based on population and are voted on by citizens?
House of Representatives
This compromise allowed for slaves to be counted for the purpose of representation and taxation.
3/5 Compromise
This compromise allowed for Congress to place tariffs (taxes) on imports, but not on exports.
Commercial Compromise
This clause in the U.S. Constitution is an ambiguous and vague power for the federal government. It states, “Congress can do what’s proper and necessary.”
Elastic Clause (Implied Powers)
Which branch of government has the power to tax, regulate commerce, declare war, raise an army? This branch is also made up of a bicameral legislature: Senate and House of Representatives.
Legislative Branch
Which branch contains the Commander in Chief, carries out laws, makes treaties with consent, and appoints judges?
Executive Branch
Which branch contains the Supreme Court?
Judicial Branch
The U.S. Constitution can be amended. What does amend mean?
Change
Between 1787-1788, the debates between these two groups over the ratification of the U.S. Constitution would give rise to the two-party system?
Federalists vs. Antifederalists
This group supported the Constitution and a strong central government.
Federalists
This group feared a strong central government.
Antifederalists
Name a few of the concerns of the Antifederalists concerning the Constitution.
Government would become tyrannical, President would be too powerful, Congress will levy heavy taxes, A standing army, Overpower individual states, Violate individual rights
Between 1787-1788, these essays were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to persuade states to support the ratification of the Constitution.
Federalist Papers
The Antifederalists finally agreed to support the ratification of the U.S. Constitution after the Federalists promised to add what?
Bill of Rights
These first ten amendments protected basic American freedoms.
Bill of Rights
Which amendment protects freedom of religion, speech, press, rights of assembly and petition?
1st Amendment
Which amendment prohibits the quartering of troops?
3rd Amendment
Which amendment protects the right to bear arms?
2nd Amendment
Which amendment states that citizens can not be deprived of life, liberty, property?
5th Amendment
Which amendment protects against illegal search and seizure?
4th Amendment
Which amendment prohibits excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment?
8th Amendment
Which amendment provides for the right to a speedy and fair trial?
6th Amendment
Which amendment guarantees trial by jury?
7th Amendment
Which amendment states that rights are not limited to what is written?
9th Amendment
Which amendment states the powers not delegated to the U.S. are reserved to the states? (States Rights)
10th Amendment
This term refers to the belief that government should be based on the consent of the people.
Republican Government/Republicanism
In what year was the U.S. Constitution ratified?
1789
In what year was the Bill of Rights ratified?
1791
