Trivia 7 Flashcards
What is a nephron?
The funcional part of the Kidney. Its long exteremely thin tubules. That filter the blood and produce urine.
What is the Bowman’s capsule or renal renal corpuscular capsule?
A structure in the kidneys that encloses a cluster of microscopic blood vessels called glomerulus.
What is the two step filtering process done in the nephrons?
The tiny glomerulus filters the blood and the tubules return needed substances to the blood and remove waste..
What is removed from the blood in the glomerulus?
Smaller molecules (waste and water) proteins and red blood cells stay
What do the tubules after the glomerulus do?
Reabsorbs water and nutrients body needs.
What are the five tubular structures that blood goes through in a nephron?
Bowman’s capsule (glomerulus) proximal tubule, Loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct
Which tubule in the nephron establishes a salt gradient
The Loop of Henle
Five steps blood in nephrons go through
- Ultrafiltration
- Selective reabsorption
- Salt gradient
- More selective réabsorption
- Water retention
In ancient Greece, what was the path of anopaia? Why was it significant in the Battle of Thermopylae?
Anopaia path was a shepherds trail that goes above the Thermopylae pass. A treacherous shepherd told the Persians about it allowing them to maneauver around the Greeks.
Characteristics of the Thermopylae pass
Very narrow at three points where only one cart could go through at a time. At the middle “gate” was a hot spring. Thermopylae means “hot gates” Phocians built a wall previously close to the Malian Gulf. Four miles long.
Though they all died, what was the benefit of Leonidas and his 300 fighting the Persians?
Their last stand allowed the bulk of the Greek army time to retreat and regroup in tact.
When was the Mughal Empire?
1526 to 1857
How far did the Mughal Empire reach?
All of India and Pakistan, Iran Afghanistan, Uzbekistan. At its peak in the 1600s, it was the largest and wealthiest in the world.
Who founded the Mughal Empire. Who was he descended from?
Babur, a descendent of Ghenghis Khan. Mughal means “Mongol”
What does Taj Mahal” mean in Persian?
Crown Palace
What was the name of the Taj Mahal’s muse?
Born Arjumand Banu Begum in 1593. Shah Jahan renamed her Mumtaz Mahal.
First six Mughal leaders
- Babur
- Humayun
- Akbar the Great
4 Jahangir - Shah Jahan
- Aurangzeb (Alamgir)
What was Shah Jahan’s birth name
Prince Khurram
Story of Jahan and Mumtaz
They met as teenagers. He fell in love on site. She was from Persian nobility. Her father was Jahangir’s brother in law. Betrothed for 5 years and married when court astrologers deemed best. She traveled with him and never left his side. Gave him 14 kids. Jahan married two others for political reasons, but never married after her death.
How did Mumtaz die?
Died giving birth to their fourteenth child while on a military campaign
Significance of the Agra Fort?
Made of red sandstone, Shah Jahan spent his final years imprisoned there by his usurper son where he could see the Taj Mahal.
What does chamfer mean?
cut a furrow in (something, such as a column) : GROOVE
2 : to make a chamfer on : BEVEL
chamfer noun
Definition of chamfer (Entry 2 of 2)
: a beveled edge
What is the Taj Mahal made of? Features if its architecture?
White marble. Architecture is geometrically perfect and balanced.
King George IV’s only child?
Princess Charlotte who died in childbirth
Who was Lucretia Mott?
An early abolitionist and advocate of women’s rights. She was raised a quaker and was a powerful orator. Early 1800s
What did Lucretia Mott do?
Member of William Lloyd Garrison’s anti-slavery society in 1830
Collaborated with Elizabeth Cady Stanton
In 1848 organized the Seneca Falls Convention
Lifelong fight to end slavery and for women’s rights
helped found the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society in 1833. She also co-wrote the Declaration of Sentiments in 1848
What was the Seneca Falls Convention? When was it?
July 1848. It was the first women’s rights convention in the United States and it launched the women’s suffrage movement.
Was Susan B. Anthony at the Seneca Falls Convention?
No. She didn’t meet Elizabeth Cady Stanton until 1851.
What childhood experience helped Elizabeth Cady Stanton to he an effective voice in the women’s rights movement.
Her father was a renowned lawyer and informally taught her law through their conversation. She was also well educated.
Who did Elizabeth Cady Stanton collaberate with?
First Lucretia Mott to end slavery and gain women’s rights. Then Susan B. Anthony where they focused more on women’s rights.
How did Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton meet?
At the World’s Anti-Slavery Convention in London. Both were outraged that women were not officially recognized as delegates.
Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?
A key figure in beginning the women’s rights movement. She was a great writer and speaker advicating for rights for divorced women, wonen’s suffrage and snti-slavery in the mid and late 1800s. She collaborated with Lucretia Mott and Susan B. Anthony.
How was Queen Victoria related to prior King, George IV?
She was his niece. After having several illegitimate children, George IV’s legitimate daughters died in infancy.
Who was the monarch between George IV and Victoria?
George IV’s brother, William IV (nicknamed the Sailor King) from 1830-1838
What were the Kensington Rules of Queen Victoria’s Childhood
- Never alone. Slept in mom’s room
- Hold someone’s hand coming down stairs.
- No outsider visits without governess present
- Write in Behavior Book every day
- Only catefully managed public appearances to shield her from unpopularity of the throne
- Couldn’t dance the waltz
- Had to do weight training
- Wasn’s allowed to overeat or have her favorite foods
What was Queen Victoria’s actual first name?
Alexandrina Victoria
What was Queen Victoria’s childhood like?
Isolated, restricting, lonely and unhappy. Her father died when she was young. Her German mother didn’t fit in with the rest if the family nor speak good English, so she relied on Sir John Conroy who came up with the Kensington rules of how Victoria should be raised.
Queen Victoria’s accomplishments?
- Made monarchy popular again in England
- Modernized and stabilized British Empire
- GB became dominant world power. Its empire covered 1/5 if the earth
- Influenced Europe by having her children marry various European royalty
What are some other words for cairns or purposful stacks of stones?
Oovo (Mongolia) barrows, stupa, tumuli, dolmen, stone Johnnies
What purposes do cairns serve?
Mark a trail, park a point for boats on shore, religious worship, honor the dead.
What is liminal space
Space between what was and what is to come. Pictures or art featuring empty indoor areas usually areas travelled when going from one space to another.
What is “lean” ?
Codeine-cobtaining cough syrup mixed with soda. Also sizzurp
Besides Karate Kid and Cobra Kai, what else has Willian Zabka been in.
8 episodes of How I met Your Mother, Hot Tub Time Machine, National Lampoon’s Vacation, buncha movies no one’s heard of.
, he was nominated for an Academy Award for co-writing and producing the short film Most.
What was Theranos supposed to do?
Had a machine that would revolutionize blood testing. Machine was supposed to perform over 240 tests from just one prick of the finger.
Who was the founder and CEO of Theranos?
Elizabeth Holmes
What is Çatalhöyük? What is its archeological significance?
Located in Central Turkey’s Konya Plain, this 9,000 year old settlement was one of the first urban, farm based settlements.
What was interesting about the homes in Çatalhöyük?
They were built back to back with no doors or wibdows. People came and went through the roof. They buried their dead under their homes. Inside were wall paintings and enigmatic figurines It was an egalitarian society.
How long was Çatalhöyük inhabited?
Eastern mound:approximately 1500 years.
The Copper Age began around…?
5500 BC, marked by colored paint on pottery
Historians think that farming began around…?
10,000 BC
Date of Çatalhöyük’s earliest occupation?
7400 BC
Neolithic means…
New Stone Age
What were the Çatalhöyük houses made from? How big were they?
Adobe and covered in plaster.
One main room, two smaller rooms
Housed 5-10 people
Walls 20 inches thick, eight feet high
What leads archeologists to believe Çatalhöyük was an egalitarian society?
Lack of central buildings, temples, palaces. No evidence of King’s burial.
What animals appeared in Çatalhöyük art?
Leopards, boars, bears
Most important: Wild bull
Other interesting things about Çatalhöyük.
Corpulent venuses found there
Evidence in later items suggests downfall came after they started to move away from egalitarian society
They traveled for trade. Mesopotamian items and sea shells found
Homes were clusteted together far from their land
Reapplied artwork and plaster
Used obsidian from nearby Hasan Dagi volcano
Had fire and hearth in homes under entrance and clean section for sleeping (no soot on floor)
Wild bull horns placed in home seemed to have meaning
When were the paleolithic, mesolithic, and neolithic periods?
Paleo: 2.5 million years to 10,000 BC
Meso: 10,000 to 8,000 BC
Neo: 8,000 - 3,000 BC
Characteristics of the Paleolithic Period?
Lived in caves or simple huts and teepees.
Hunters and gathererers
Made simple tools ans began to create art
Lived along side and hunted now extinct animals such as Wooly Mammoth
Lived alongside now extinct neanderthals and denisovans
Characteristics of the Mesolithic Period?
Polished stones into points
Agriculture was introduced
Lived nomadically in camps near bodies of water
Characteristics of Neolithic Period?
Switch to agriculture
Domesticated animals
Cultivated cereal grains
Used tools to farm land
Sewing and pottery making
When was the Bronze Age?
3,000 BC - 1,300 BC
Characteristics of the Bronze Age?
Tin and copper alloy, Bronze
Ox-drawn plow and the wheel
Organized government, law, religion and warfare
Potters wheel and wool items
Houses became stone with thatched or turf roof with fireplace and hearth inside
Villages and cities began to form
Earliest writing Egyptian Hieroglyphs
When was the Iron Age?
1,300 - 900 BC
Characteristics of the Iron Age?
Iron and steel more precious thsn gold
Cobblestone streets
Four room houses
Palaces and temples
Alphabets
More documentation
What is the «Cave of Horror» in the Judean Desert?
An archeological dig site located in a cave on a high sheer cliff face by the southwest corner near the Dead Sea.
Why is it called The Cave of Horror?
Remains of 40 adults and children were found there. Probably killed after the Bar Kochba Rebellion. New Dead Sea Scroll fragments were found there .
What significant archelological discoveries were made in the caves South of Qumran?
First Dead Sea Scrolls to be found in more than half a century. The world’s oldest intact basket, and bones of 40 adults and children.
What’s interesting about the basket found in the Judean desert cliffs near the Cave of Horror?
A 10,500 year old 20 gallon intact basket. It’s interesting because it’s made of organic matter and intact.
What’s interesting about the Dead Sea Scrolls found in the Cave of Horror?
The fragments were written in Greek, yet the name if God is written in paleo-Hebrew script which seems to serve as a contextual reminder to not speak God’s name aloud.
The legend of the yeti began with…
A photograph of a footprint taken by renowned British Explorer Eric Shipton in 1951
Shipton’s yeti footprint was likely made by…
A bear
An Asian black bear
What is Ekbom Syndrome ?
Also called delusory parasitosis, unwavering but incorrect belief that the body has bugs.
Who was Thessalonike
Or thessalonike, Alexander the Great’s half sister. Her name means “victory at Thessaly” as her father King Philip II named her after the victory he won on the day she was born.
Are Thessaly and Thessaloniki the same thing?
No. Thessaly is an administrative region of Greece. Thessaloniki is the second largest city in Greece named after Alexander the Great’s sister who was named after the victory her father won over the region.
What is Sia’s real name?
Sia Kate Isobelle Furler
What’s a nocicepter?
A sensory receptor for painful stimuli
Who was Vercingetorix?
King a chieftain of the Arverni Tribe who united the Gauls in a failed revolt against Julius Caesar. Lived 82-46BC. One of few opposing leaders to almost defeat Caesar.
Pronounce Vercingetorix
Versing gah TOR ix
Which Saxon King was said to have been murdered on the toilet?
King Edmund II Ironside, son of Aethelred the Unready, after defeat to Danish King Cnute. Edmund II was only 25/26 years old, ruled only a few short months in 1016. Assassin hid in the pit and stabbed him through the butt according to Henry of.Huntingdon in the 1120s.
What is parenchyma?
The functional tissue of an organ as distinguished from the connective and supporting tissue.
What is peregrination?
A journey, especially a long or meandering one.
What is modern day explorer/adventurer Børge Ousland’s claim to fame?
Skiing to the North Pole, once alone, skiing across Antarctica alone. Skiing across arctic ice cap with Mike Horn in 2019. Circumnavigating the Arctic Ocean in a small boat.
According to Bald’s Leechbook, what is the remedy for soar throat?
Rub a dried white thost on the neck. Dried white thost is white dog poop.
What is Bald’s Leechbook?
One of the first medical textbooks written in the English language. Leech here means physician, not the animal., written circa 9th/10th century
What are some things Anglo-Saxon women put in their hair?
Powdered swallow, To stop hair from growing, they’d put ants eggs in their hair.
When was the Wat Tyler Peasant Revolt? Who was the king?
1381, 15 year old King Richard II.
Happened in England
Wat Tyler = Walter the Tyler
What historical events led to the peasant revolt?
Black Death had killed so many, it caused a labor shortage. Peasants were overtaxed to pay for war with France.
What did the peasants do during the peasant revolt.
More than 60,000 people converged in London. They destroyed tax records and registers and killed tax collectors who got in their way. Killed Simon Sudbury the Archbishop of Canterbury.
What was the result of the Wat Tyler Peasant Revolt?
Basically, things went back to the way they were. King Richard II talked them down somehow. The Poll Tax was removed. Wat Tyler was killed.
Who first wrote that sickness was caused by particles in the air too small to see?
Extremely prolific polymath and author Marcus Terentius Varro. Wrote 74 separate works in 640 volumes. Lived 116-74 BC
What is the Beaufort Gyre?
The circular, clockwise current in the Arctic Ocean.
What is the Transpolar Drift Stream?
Water enters Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait and exits through the North Atlantic.
When we’re the Middle Ages?
1000-1500 AD
How did Robert Boyle try to treat cataracts in the late 1600s?
By blowing powder of dried human poop into patients’ eyes.
Why might the ancient Egyptians used poop as medicine ?
It contains some antibiotics
What’s incredible about the Sacsayhuaman ruins?
The Inca fortress built outside Cusco in the Peruvian Andes is built from huge stones perfectly interlocked like a jigsaw puzzle. Stones weigh as much as 360 tons.
What are the Nasca Lines?
On a high and dry plateau some 200 miles southeast of Lima, more than 800 long, straight white lines are etched into the Peruvian desert, seemingly at random. Joining them are 300 geometric shapes and 70 figures of animals, including a spider, monkey, and hummingbird.
Mickle hicket is the Anglo-Saxon word for…
Hiccups
What was the Anglo-Saxon remedy for swollen eyes.
Catch a crab, remove its eyes and put them on patient’s neck. Release blinded crab.
According to Bald’s Leechbook, what is the remedy for shoulder pain.
Pig’s poop, but it has to be from an old pig.
Bale’s Leechbook’s cure for warts?
Mix dog urine and mouse blood
What are some of the species found only in the Seychelles?
The giant Frégate Island Darkling beetle, Some types of Caecilians, Jellyfish Tree, Aldabra Giant Tortoise, White Fairy Tern, Seychelles Fruit Bat, Seychelles Tree Frog, The Seychelles magpie-robin, Seychelles Paradise Flycatcher.
Only place in the world the Jellyfish Tree is found?
Seychelles island of Mahé. It’s one of the rarest plants on earth.
What are Caecilians?
A type of amphibian that has no legs and looks like a snake or worm. They’re elusive and live underground in moist tropical areas.
Weird way Caecilian mothers feed their young?
Baby Caecilians eat their mother’s outer layer of dead skin. Mother Caecilians’s cells have more nutrients than non-mothers.
The Kurdish army is known as…
Peshmerga which means “Those who face death”
What are some of the largest cities in Kurdistan?
Hewler/Erbil (the capital) Slemani/Sulaymaniyah and Zakho/Zakhu
Kurds live in
Syria, Iraq, Turkey and Iran
What’s the worst chemical to clean cat pee with?
What type should one use?
Ammonia, you perpetuate the smell because there is ammonia in cat pee.
Instead use an enzyme cleaner
Who were the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove?
A group of Chinese scholars and poets from mid 3rd century who banded together and moved to the countryside to live more freely .
1. Ji Kang-alchemist, poet you
2. Ruan Ji-eccentric poet, most prominent
3. Guo Xiang -neo-daoist Xiang xiu
4. Liu Ling-poet
5. Ruan Xian-musician
6. Shan Dao:tao devout Daoist
7. Wang Rong-rich guy
