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HPCT 311 > Trimming and Sectioning > Flashcards

Trimming and Sectioning Flashcards

1
Q

Process of removing excess wax after embedding.

A

Trimming

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2
Q

Knife/blade may be used.

A

Trimming

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3
Q

Frozen section size in sectioning.

A

10-15 um

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4
Q

Ideal: FOUR-SIDED PRISM/TRUNCATED PYRAMID

A

Trimming

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5
Q

Cutting or Microtomy

A

Sectioning

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6
Q

The process by which a processed tissue is cut into uniformly thin slices (sections) to facilitate studies under the microscope.

A

Sectioning

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7
Q

Sectioning thickness for routine histologic procedure.

A

4-6 um

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8
Q

Electron microscopy size for sectioning.

A

0.5 um

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9
Q

[3] Microtome knives

[PBP]

A
  1. Plane-concave knife
  2. Biconcave knife
  3. Plane-wedge knife
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10
Q

25 mm in length.

One side of the knife is flat while the other is concave.

[microtome knife]

A

Plane concave knife

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11
Q

120 mm in length.

With both sides concave, recommended for cutting paraffin embedded sections on a rotary microtome.

[microtome knife]

A

Biconcave knife

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12
Q

100 mm in length.

Have both sides straight, recommended for frozen sections or for cutting extremely hard and tough specimens embedded in paraffin blocks, using a base sledge type or sliding microtome.

[microtome knife]

A

Plane wedge knife

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13
Q

Recommended for cutting celloidin embedded tissue blocks on a sliding microtome.

[more/less concave sides]

A

Less concave sides

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14
Q

Used to cut paraffin sections on base sledge, rotary or rocking microtome.

[more/less concave sides]

A

More concave sides

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15
Q

[4] Angles

[BBCC]

A
  1. Bevel
  2. Bevel angle
  3. Cutting angle
  4. Clearance angle
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16
Q

Cutting facet, found on the tapered edge of all knives, the sides of which are more acutely inclined towards each other.

[angle]

A

Bevel

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17
Q

The angle formed between the cutting edges.
About 27˚ to 32˚.

[angle]

A

Bevel angle

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18
Q

Sides of the knife are inclined at 15˚ angle maximum penetration of the tissues and minimize distortion.

[angle]

A

Cutting angle

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19
Q

The knife should be inclined with a 5-10˚ angle will prevent uneven sections and will prevent the cutting facet to compress the tissue block during the cutting process.

[angle]

A

Clearance angle

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20
Q

“ralph knives” for ultramicrotomy.

[knife materials]

A

Glass knives

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21
Q

[6] Knife materials

[DST, GDS]

A
  1. Disposable knives
  2. Stainless steel
  3. Tungsten carbide
  4. Glass knives
  5. Diamond knives
  6. Steel knives
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22
Q

cutting resin section.

[knife materials]

A

Diamond knives

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23
Q

From HEEL TO TOE 20-30 TIMES.

[h/s]

A

Honing

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24
Q

It makes use of a vibrating frosted plate or wheel driven by an electrical motor.

A

Mechanical honing

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25
Q

30 double strokes are given each side of the knife to which very gentle pressure is applied.

[h/s]

A

Honing

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26
Q

How many strokes are given each side of the knife which very gentle pressure is applied.

A

30 double strokes

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27
Q

Removal of blemishes and grinding the cutting edge of the knife on a stone to acquire an even edge.

A

Honing proper

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28
Q

[3] Types of Hones

[BAF]

A
  1. Belgium yellow
  2. Arkansas
  3. Fine carborundum
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29
Q

For manual sharpening when cutting edge has been rendered blunt or nicked. This type usually gives the BEST RESULT.

[types of hones]

A

Belgium yellow

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30
Q

Gives more polishing effect than the belgium yellow.

[types of hones]

A

Arkansas

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31
Q

Much coarser than the first two typed and used only for badly nicked knives. Followed by either one of the first 2 knife sharpeners.

[types of hones]

A

Fine carborundum

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32
Q

To polish and sharpen the cutting edge.

[h/s]

A

Stropping

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33
Q

Removal of burrs.

[h/s]

34
Q

From toe to heel direction.

[h/s]

35
Q

Around 40-120 double strokes are usually required.

[h/s]

36
Q

How many strokes are required in Stropping?

A

40-120 double strokes

37
Q

Material: PADDLE STROP made up of horse leather firmly attached to a solid back to prevent sagging.

[h/s]

38
Q

[2] Types of sectioning

A
  1. Paraffin sections
  2. Celloidin sections
39
Q

Rocking and rotary microtome.

[types of section]

A

Paraffin sections

40
Q

Sliding microtome Frozen section (Cryostat).

[types of section]

A

Celloidin sections

41
Q

[2] Celloidin sections

A
  1. Cold knife
  2. Cryostat
42
Q

[4] Methods of freezing

A
  1. Liquid nitrogen
  2. Isopentane
  3. Aerosol sprays
  4. Carbon dioxide
43
Q

A spring balanced pawl is brought into contact with a ratchet feed wheel connected to a micrometer screw, which is rotated, moving the tissue block at a known distance towards the knife for cutting sections at uniform thickness 3 essential parts .

44
Q

the tissue is held in position.

[microtomy]

A

Block holder

45
Q

actual cutting of tissue sections.

[microtomy]

A

Knife carrier and knife

46
Q

To line up the tissue block in proper position with the knife.

[microtomy]

A

Pawl, rachet feet wheel and adjustment screws.

47
Q

[5] Kinds of Microtome

[RRS, FU]

A
  1. Rocking microtome
  2. Rotary microtome
  3. Sliding microtome
  4. Freezing microtome
  5. Ultrathin microtome
48
Q

Rocking Microtome aka?

A

Cambridge Rocking Microtome

49
Q

inventor: Paldwell Trefall in 1881.

[microtome]

A

Rocking Microtome

50
Q

Who invented Rocking Microtome?

A

Paldwell Trefall in 1881

51
Q

Simplest among the microtomes.

[microtome]

A

Rocking Microtome`

52
Q

Disadvantage: difficulty in reorienting the
block.

[microtome]

A

Rocking microtome

53
Q

Rotary Microtome aka?

A

Minot Microtome

54
Q

Inventor: Minot in 1885-1886

[microtome]

A

Rotary Microtome

55
Q

Who invented the Rotary Microtome?

A

Minot, 1885-1886

56
Q

MOST COMMON type used today especially for paraffin-embedded tissues.

[microtome]

A

Rotary microtome

57
Q

MOST DANGEROUS TYPE DUE TO MOVABLE EXPOSED KNIFE!

[microtome]

A

Sliding microtome

58
Q

Inventor/developer: Adams in 1789

[microtome]

A

Sliding Microtome

59
Q

Who invented Sliding Microtome?

A

Adams in 1789

60
Q

[2] Types of Sliding Microtome

A
  1. Base-Sledge
  2. Standard Sliding Microtome
61
Q

for all forms of media.

[sliding microtome]

A

Base-sledge

62
Q

block holder: moving.

[sliding microtome]

A

Base-sledge

63
Q

knife: stationary

[sliding microtome]

A

Base-sledge

64
Q

block: stationary

[sliding microtome]

A

Standard Sliding Microtome

65
Q

knife: moving

[sliding microtome]

A

Standard Sliding Microtome

66
Q

[2] Other Microtome

A
  1. Rotary Rocking Microtome
  2. Vibrotome
67
Q

Used for unfixed, unfrozen specimen sectioning for enzyme demonstrations.

[other microtome]

68
Q

Used for cutting sections for Electron microscopy.

[microtome]

A

Ultrathin microtome

69
Q

uses DIAMOND KNIVES.

[microtome]

A

Ultrathin Microtome

70
Q

Specimen is small, fixed in osmium tetroxide embedded in plastic.

[microtome]

A

Ultrathin Microtome

71
Q

Invented by Queckett in 1848.

[microtome]

A

Freezing microtome

72
Q

Who invented Freezing Microtome?

A

Queckett in 1848

73
Q

[4] Other equipment use in sectioning

[FDFC]

A
  1. Floatation water bath
  2. Drying oven
  3. Forceps
  4. Clean slides
74
Q

Size of Hones

A

8 x 3 inch

75
Q

Removal of nicks (irregularities).

[h/s]

76
Q

Give [5] FAULTS occurring during TISSUE PROCESSING.

[BATTT]

A
  1. Brittle or hard tissue
  2. Airholes
  3. Tissue shrinks
  4. Tissue is soft
  5. Tissue smells of clearing agent.
77
Q

Give [5] FAULTS observed during SECTION CUTTING

[CASRR]

A
  1. Chatters are seen
  2. A hole is formed
  3. Sections are squashed
  4. Ribbon is curved
  5. Ribbon is split
78
Q

Ideal in Trimming

A

Four-sided prism/ Truncated pyramid

79
Q

What is trimming?

A

Process of removing excess wax after embedding.

80
Q

What is sectioning?

A

A processed tissue is cut into uniformly thin slices to facilitate studies under microscope.

81
Q

This must not be allowed to come in contact with the strop?

82
Q

It is not recommended and should never come in contact with a strop because it will tend to blister and destroy the leather.

A

Mineral oil

HPCT 311 (15 decks)

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