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HPCT 311 > Impregnation and Embedding > Flashcards

Impregnation and Embedding Flashcards

1
Q

[3] Types of tissue impregnating medium

[PCG]

A
  1. Paraffin wax
  2. Celloidin (collodion)
  3. Gelatin and plastic
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2
Q

Simplest, most common and best embedding medium.

A

Paraffin wax impregnation

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3
Q

Very rapid.

A

Paraffin wax impregnation

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4
Q

Melting point of paraffin wax impregnation.

A

56°C

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5
Q

Thin sections maybe cut without undue distortion.

[dis/advantages]

A

Advantages

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6
Q

Rapid, and can be prepared within 24 hrs.

[dis/advantages]

A

Advantages

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7
Q

Tissue blocks may be stored in paraffin for an indefinite period of time after impregnation.

[dis/advantages]

A

Advantages

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8
Q

Permits staining.

[dis/advantages]

A

Advantages

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9
Q

Overheated paraffin can make the specimen brittle.

[dis/advantages]

A

Disadvantages

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10
Q

Prolonged impregnation will cause excessive shrinkage and hardening.

[dis/advantages]

A

Disadvantages

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11
Q

Inadequate impregnation will cause retention of the clearing agent.

A

Disadvantages

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12
Q

Paraffin processing is not recommended for fatty tissues.

A

Disadvantages

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13
Q

[3] Ways which praffin wax may be performed.

[MAV]

A
  1. Manual processing
  2. Automatic processing
  3. Vacuum processing
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14
Q

With melting point = 56 C is normally used for routine work.

[ways of pw may be performed]

A

Manual processing

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15
Q

If the lab temperature = 20-24 C
- paraffin wax MP to use:

A

(54-58 C)

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16
Q

If the lab temp. = 15-18 C
paraffin wax MP to use:

A

50-54 C

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17
Q

Usually only 2-3 changes of wax are required to remove the clearing agent.

[ways of pw may be performed]

A

Automatic processing

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18
Q

Parts: 12 individual processing steps

[ways of pw may be performed]

A

Automatic processing

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19
Q

Transfer arm

[ways of pw may be performed]

A

Automatic processing

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20
Q

Electrical clock

[ways of pw may be performed]

A

Transfer arm

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21
Q

Its embedding involves the wax impregnation under negative atmospheric pressure inside an embedding oven.

[ways of pw may be performed]

A

Vacuum embedding

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22
Q

Provides more rapid wax penetration of tissue.

[ways of pw may be performed]

A

Vacuum embedding

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23
Q

The time required for complete impregnation is reduced from 25-75% of the normal time required for tissue processing.

[ways of pw may be performed]

A

Vacuum embedding

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24
Q

[6] Paraffin was substitues

[PEB, TEC]

A
  1. Paraplast
  2. Embeddol
  3. Bioloid
  4. Tissue mat
  5. Ester wax
  6. Carbowax
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25
Q

MP: 56-57 C

[paraffin wax substitute]

A

Paraplast

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26
Q

Mixture of highly purified paraffin and synthetic plastic polymers.

[paraffin wax substitute]

A

Paraplast

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27
Q

For large dense tissue blocks such as bones and brain.

[paraffin wax substitute]

A

Paraplast

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28
Q

MP: 56-58 C

[paraffin wax substitute]

A

Embeddol

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29
Q

Less brittle and less compressible than paraplast.

[paraffin wax substitute]

A

Embeddol

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30
Q

A product of paraffin, containing rubber, with the same property as paraplast.

[paraffin wax substitute]

A

Tissue mat

31
Q

Synthetic wax

[paraffin wax substitute]

32
Q

MP: 46-48 C

[paraffin wax substitute]

33
Q

Harder than paraffin.

[paraffin wax substitute]

34
Q

Not soluble in water.

[paraffin wax substitute]

35
Q

Soluble in 95% ETOH and other clearing agents.

[paraffin wax substitute]

36
Q

Soluble and miscible with water (hence does not require dehydration and clearing of the tissue).

[paraffin wax substitute]

37
Q

Tissues are fixed, washed out and transferred directly into melted carbowax.

[paraffin wax substitute]

38
Q

Suitable for many enzyme histochemical studies.

[paraffin wax substitute]

39
Q

AKA “colloidin”

[types of tissue impregnating medium]

40
Q

Very slow (days to weeks) Methods:

[types of tissue impregnating medium]

41
Q

[3] Celloidin methods

[WDN]

A
  1. Wet celloidin
  2. Dry celloidin
  3. Nitrocellulose method (low viscosity nitrocellulos)
42
Q

Rarely used.

43
Q

Water soluble

44
Q

Plastic/Resin

45
Q

[3] Plastic/Resin – classified into:

[EPA]

A
  1. Epoxy
  2. Polyester
  3. Acrylic
46
Q

Done after wax impregnation.

A

Embedding/Casting/Blocking

47
Q

Placing the tissue in a mold containing the medium.

A

Embedding/Casting/Blocking

48
Q

Orientation- process by which thee tissue is arranged in a precise positions in the mold.

A

Embedding/Casting/Blocking

49
Q

[4] Types of molds that is used.

[LCPD]

A
  1. Leuckhart’s embedding molds
  2. Compount embedding unit
  3. Plastic embedding rings and base molds
  4. Disposal embedding molds
50
Q

[3] Disposal embedding molds

[PPP]

A
  1. Peel away
  2. Plastic ice trays
  3. Paper boats
51
Q

Reduces antigenicity, toxic and damage tissue.

[other embedding methods]

52
Q

Not often used.

[other embedding methods]

53
Q

Used extensively for light microscopy .

[other embedding methods]

54
Q

Amount of phenol to prevent molds in gelatin.

55
Q

Process by which the tissue is arranged in a precise positions in the mold.

A

Orientation - Embedding/Casting/Blocking

56
Q

[6] Steps in Embedding/Casting/Blocking

A
  1. Remove tissue from cassette
  2. Fill mould with wax and orientate tissue
  3. Cool and flatten as required
  4. Add cassette, fill with the wax and put on cold plate
  5. Remove cassette from mould
  6. Block now ready for sectioning
57
Q

This method makes use of an automatic tissue processing machine (Autotechnicon).

[ways of pw may be performed]

A

Automatic processing

58
Q

[3] Epoxy

[BGC]

A
  1. Bisphenol A (Araldite)
  2. Glycerol (epon)
  3. Cyclohexene dioxide (spurr)
59
Q

Araldite

[epoxy]

A

Bisphenol A

60
Q

Epon

[epoxy]

61
Q

Spurr

[epoxy]

A

Cyclohexene dioxide

62
Q

Give at least 1 PRECAUTIONS IN WAX IMPREGNATION

A
  1. Tissue should not be left in paraffin wax for longer periods of time than is necessary.
63
Q

Bones, teeth, large brain sections & whole organs.

[celloidin]

A

Wet celloidin

64
Q

Whole eye sections and stored in Gilsons mixture.

[celloidin]

A

Dry celloidin

65
Q

Equal concentration of ether and alcohol.

[celloidin]

A

Low Viscosity Nitrocellulose

66
Q

Consists of two L-shaped strips of heavy brass or metal arranged on a flat metal plate and which can be moved to adjust the size of the mold to the size of the specimen.

[mold]

A

Leuckhart’s Embedding Mold

67
Q

Made up of a series of INTERLOCKING PLATES resting on a flat metal base, forming several compartments.

[molds]

A

Compound Embedding Unit

68
Q

Consist of a special STAINLESS STEEL BASE mold fitted with a plastic embedding ring, which later serves as the block holder during cutting.

[molds]

A

Plastic embedding rings and base mold

69
Q

Warm plate to manage the impregnated specimen, and a cold plate at -5°C for rapid solidification of the block.

[Plastic embedding rings and base molds]

A

Tissue tek

70
Q

Slow, partly because the epoxy plastic itself is a large molecule.

[epoxy]

A

Bisphenol A (Araldite)

71
Q

Have a lower viscosity but are often sold as mixtures of isomers.

[epoxy]

A

Glycerol (epon)

72
Q

Can be obtained pure, have very low viscosity, and infiltrate fastest.

[epoxy]

A

Cyclohexene dioxide (spurr)

HPCT 311 (15 decks)

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