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HPCT 311 > Autopsy > Flashcards

Autopsy Flashcards

1
Q

“See for yourself”

A

Autopsy

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2
Q

A post mortem examination preformed to determine the cause of death.

A

Autopsy

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3
Q

Gold standard for confirmation of a medical disease.

A

Autopsy

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4
Q

[4] Types of autopsy (uses)

[FCAV]

A

Forensic autopsy
Clinical or pathological autopsies
Anatomical or academic autopsies
Virtual or medical imaging autopsies

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5
Q

Seek to find the cause and the manner of death and to identify the decedent.

[autopsy (use)]

A

Forensic autopsy

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6
Q

Performed to diagnose a particular disease or for research purposes. To clarify and confirm medical diagnosis that is unclear prior to the patients death.

A

Clinical or Pathological Autopsies

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7
Q

Performed by students. For study purposes only.

A

Anatomical or Academic Autopsies

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8
Q

Utilizes imaging technologies only, MRI and CT.

[autopsy (uses)]

A

Virtual or Medical Imaging Autopsies

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9
Q

[3] Types of Autopsies (anatomical parts)

[CPS]

A
  1. Complete autopsy
  2. Partial autopsy
  3. Selective autopsy
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10
Q

Requires consent.

[autopsy (anatomical)]

A

Complete autopsy

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11
Q

Part of the anatomy.

[autopsy (anatomical)]

A

Partial autopsy

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12
Q

Restricted to at least a single organ (Ex. MI
heart.

[autopsy (anatomical)]

A

Selective autopsy

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13
Q

Complete examination of all organs, including the brain.

[autopsy (anatomical)]

A

Complete autopsy

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14
Q

In a forensic autopsy, a MEDICAL EXAMINER or CORONER declares the death to be:

[NAHSU]

A

Natural
Accident
Homicide
Suicide
Unknown

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15
Q

[4] Preliminaries

[WDMM]

A
  1. Written consent
  2. Death certificate
  3. Medical abstract or Clinical data
  4. Medico-legal clearance
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16
Q

From the next kin-abide by the extent or restrictions allowed.

[preliminaries]

A

Written consent

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17
Q

(Old: Blue form | New: Blue border/frame)

[preliminaries]

A

Death certificate

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18
Q

[2] Who signed the death certificate

[preliminaries]

A
  1. Physician
  2. Pathologist
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19
Q

He will sign when PME has been performed.

[preliminaries]

A

Pathologist

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20
Q

Suspicious evidence of foul play.

[preliminaries]

A

Medico-legal appearance

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21
Q

[2] Physical examination

A
  1. External
  2. Internal
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22
Q

Physical outer layer – for injuries / cause of death.

[physical exam]

A

External

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23
Q

[4] Steps in External in Physical examination

[PSUM]

A

Photographed
Samples taken
Undressed, examined for wound
Measured, weighed, cleaned

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24
Q

Evidence of disease, trauma, toxic substances, organ failure.

A

Internal

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25
Q

[5] Steps of an Internal Examination

[ICROB]

A
  1. Incisions
  2. Cuts
  3. Removal
  4. Organs weighed, examined
  5. Brain examination
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26
Q

[2] Types of Incisions

A

Y and T

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27
Q

Behind each ear, down the neck, meet mid-sternum, continue to the groin.

[incision]

28
Q

For suspected strangulation – 50% no ext. signs.

[incision]

29
Q

Show fractured HYOID bone.

[incision]

30
Q

From each shoulder, meet top of sternum, continue to the groin.

[incision]

31
Q

Better looking finished product.

[incision]

32
Q

Chest cavity cut open w/shears or saw.

[internals steps]

33
Q

[2] methods of removal in incisions.

A
  1. Letulle’s “En Masse” method
  2. Ghon;s “En Bloc” method
34
Q

[7] Postmortem changes

[ARL, PDPD,]

A
  1. Algor mortis
  2. Rigor mortis
  3. Livor mortis
  4. Postmortem clotting of blood
  5. Discoloration of tissue
  6. Putrefaction
  7. Dessication (mummification)
35
Q

1st demonstrable change after death is cooling of the body.

[postmortem changes]

A

Algor mortis

36
Q

Rigidity of the body due to hardening of the skeletal muscles caused by a series of physiochemical events after death.

[postmortem changes]

A

Rigor mortis

37
Q

Blood supply gravitates to the skin vessels w/c becomes toneless & dilate after circulation ceases.

[postmortem changes]

A

Livor mortis

38
Q

Tardien sports of Livor mortis

39
Q

[4] Principal techniques of autopsy

A
  1. Technique of R. Virchow
  2. Technique of Rokitansky
  3. Technique of A. Ghon
  4. Technique of M. Letulle
40
Q

Isolated and dissected immediately after removal.

[autopsy technique]

A

Technique of R. Virchow

41
Q

Organs are removed ONE BY ONE sequentially.

[autopsy technique]

A

Technique of R. Virchow

42
Q

This technique is characterized by IN SITU DISSECTION combined w/ en bloc technique.

[autopsy technique]

A

Technique of C. Rokitansky

43
Q

Cavities and organs are thoroughly inspected.

[autopsy technique]

A

Technique of C. Rokitansky

44
Q

Organs are dissected while inside the body.

[autopsy technique]

A

Technique of C. Rokitansky

45
Q

Thoracic and cervical organs, abdominal organ, and the uro-genital system are removed as organ block.

[autopsy technique]

A

Technique of A. Ghon

46
Q

Thoracic, cervical, abdominal and pelvic organs are removed en masse and subsequently dissected into organ blocks.

[autopsy technique]

A

Technique of M. Letulle

47
Q

Best routine method for inspection and preservation of connections between organs and the organ system.

[autopsy technique]

A

Technique of M. Letulle

48
Q

Body is cut open in the usual fashion.

[autopsy technique]

A

Technique of C. Rokitansky

49
Q

Cavities and organs are thoroughly inspected.

[autopsy technique]

A

Technique of C. Rokitanksy

50
Q

Fluids are collected if needed.

[autopsy technique]

A

Technique of C. Rokitansky

51
Q

Organs are dissected while inside the body.

[autopsy technique]

A

Technique of C. Rokitansky

52
Q

By cavity

[autopsy technique]

A

Technique of A. Ghon

53
Q

Interrelated to each other.

A

Technique of A. Ghon

54
Q

Abdomen:

[discoloration of tissue]

55
Q

Blood supply gravitates to the skin vessels w/c becomes toneless & dilate after circulation ceases.

[postmortem changes]

A

Livor mortis

56
Q

Becomes evident as early as 20 mins after death.

[postmortem changes]

A

Livor mortis

57
Q

Fully evident w/in 4-8 hrs..

[postmortem changes]

A

Livor mortis

58
Q

Sets within 2 hrs. after death (head & neck).

[postmortem changes]

A

Rigor mortis

59
Q

Complete within 12 hrs.

[postmortem changes]

A

Rigor mortis

60
Q

Persists about 3-4 days.

[postmortem changes]

A

Rigor mortis

61
Q

At room temp:

[Algor mortis]

A

2 - 2.5 °F/hr (1st hr)

62
Q

Next 12 hours:

[algor mortis]

A

1.5 - 2 °F/hr

63
Q

Next 12-18 hours:

[algor mortis]

64
Q

Not a reliable indicator as to the time of death.

[postmortem changes]

A

Algor mortis

65
Q

(-) ATP regeneration + acidity formation of lockingchemical bodies between actin & myosin.

[postmortem changes]

A

Rigor mortis

HPCT 311 (11 decks)

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