Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HPCT 311 > Dehydration and Clearing > Flashcards

Dehydration and Clearing Flashcards

1
Q

Generally used in increasing strengths.

A

Dehydrating fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

All the aqueous tissue fluids are removed but with little disruption to the tissue due to diffusion currents.

A

Increasing strengths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ratio of Dehydrating Agent to tissue:

A

10:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ratio of Fixative to tissue:

A

20:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most common dehydrating agent.

A

Alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

[5] Alcohol

[EM, BII]

A
  1. Ethanol
  2. Methyl alcohol
  3. Butyl alcohol
  4. Industrial methylated spirit (denatured alcohol
  5. Isoprophyl alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

For routine dehydration of tissues.

[alcohol]

A

Ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Best dehydrating agent.

[alcohol]

A

Ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Employed for blood and tissue films.

[alcohol]

A

Methyl alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Can cause blindness (optic blindness).

[alcohol]

A

Methyl alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Also osmium tetroxide.

A

Methyl alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Utilized in plant & animal micro techniques.

[alcohol]

A

Butyl alchohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Slow (maBagal = Butyl)

[alcohol]

A

Butyl alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ethanol + small amount of methanol;

[alcohol]

A

Industrial methylated spirit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Used in the same way as ethanol.

[alcohol]

A

Industrial methylated spirit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Many of the processing methods for use in a microwave oven recommend this agent.

[alcohol]

A

Isopropyl alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

[6] Dehydrating agents

[AAD, CTT]

A
  1. Alcohol
  2. Acetone
  3. Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)
  4. Cellosolve (Ethylene glycol monoethyl ather)
  5. THF (Tetrahydrofuran)
  6. Triethyl phosphate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

BOTH fixative and dehydrating agent.

[dehydrating agent]

A

Acetone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Organ for acetone:

A

Brain or CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Preserve Negri bodies.

[alcohol]

A

Acetone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rapid but penetrates poorly.

[dehydrating agent]

A

Acetone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Not recommended for routine.

[dehydrating agent]

A

Acetone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

[3] BOTH dehydrating and clearing agent.

[dehydrating agent]

A
  1. Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)
  2. Cellosolve (Ethylene glycol monoethyl either)
  3. THF (Tetrahydrofuran)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Advantage: excellent dehydrating and clearing agent.

[dehydrating agent]

A

Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Tissues can be left for long periods of time without affecting the staining properties of the specimen.

[dehydrating agent]

A

Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Disadvantage: expensive and produces toxic vapos.

[dehydrating agent]

A

Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Disadvantage of Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)

A

expensive and produces toxic vapos.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

GAUPNER’S METHOD: 3x changes (both dehydration and clearing).

[dehydrating agent]

A

Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

WEISEBERG METHOD: wrap the tissue with gauze (add dioxane + anhydrous calcium oxide)

[dehydrating agent]

A

Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Wrap the tissue with gauze (add dioxane + anhydrous calcium oxide).

[methods’ dioxane]

A

Weiseberg method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

3x changes (both dehydration and clearing).

[methods’ dioxane]

A

Gaupner’s method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Fast dehydrating.

[dehydrating agent]

A

Cellosolve (Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Disadvantage: combustible at 110-120F.

[dehydrating agent]

A

Cellosolve (Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Cold temperature or explosion proof container (ingest, inhalation in contact).

[dehydrating agent]

A

Cellosolve (Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether)

35
Q

Toxic when ingested or inhaled.

[dehydrating agent]

A

THF (Tetrahydrofuran)

36
Q

Eye and skin irritants and has offensive odor.

[dehydrating agent]

A

THF (Tetrahydrofuran)

37
Q

Conjunctival irritation.

[dehydrating agent]

A

THF (Tetrahydrofuran)

38
Q

Disadvantage: dissolves fat and other substances.

[dehydrating agent]

A

THF (Tetrahydrofuran)

39
Q

Used to dehydrate smears producing minimal shrinkage.

[dehydrating agent]

A

Triethyl phosphate

40
Q

[2] Additives to dehydrating agents.

A
  1. 4% phenol (tissue softener) + each 95% ethanol baths
  2. Anhydrous copper sulfate
41
Q

Acts as a tissue softener for hard tissues such as tendons, nails, or dense fibrous tissues.

[additives to dehydrating agents.]

A

4% phenol (tissue softener) + each 95% ethanol baths

42
Q

Can act as BOTH dehydrating agent and an indicator of water content of the last bath (100% ETOH).

[additives to dehydrating agents.]

A

Anhydrous copper sulfate

43
Q

BLUE indicates presence of water.

[additives to dehydrating agents]

A

Anhydrous copper sulfate

44
Q

Dioxane WEISEBERG METHOD.

[additives to dehydrating agents]

A

Anhydrous copper sulfate

45
Q

Serves as an indicator that dehydration is
complete (white blue).

A

Anhydrous copper sulfate

46
Q

Formula for MILKY

A

Xylene + water

47
Q

Clearing agent and indicator for dehydration.

48
Q

It affects speed of penetration of the clearing agent.

49
Q

It causes the tissue to become brittle and more difficult to cut.

A

Prolonged exposure

50
Q

Carcinogenic (Xylene and Benzene).

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Xylene/Xylol

51
Q

Colorless clearing agent.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Xylene/Xylol

52
Q

MOST COMMONLY USED in routine procedures.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Xylene/Xylol

53
Q

Clearing time: 30 – 60 MINUTES.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Xylene/Xylol

54
Q

Clearing time of Xylene/Xylol.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

30 - 60 minutes

55
Q

Turns MILKY when tissues are incompletely dehydrated.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Xylene/Xylol

56
Q

Substitute for xylene or benzene.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

57
Q

Time for clearing 1-2 hours.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

58
Q

Not carcinogenic.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

59
Q

Slow penetration than xylene and benzene.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

60
Q

Time for clearing of Toluene.

61
Q

Recommended for URGENT BIOPSIES.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

62
Q

CARCINOGENIC.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

63
Q

Can cause damage to BM & Aplastic anemia.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

64
Q

Most Rapid (15-60 minutes).

[clearing, dealcoholization]

65
Q

Most rapid (time) of Benzene.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

15-60 mins

66
Q

Slower in action.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Chloroform

67
Q

May cause HEPATOTOXICITY.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Chloroform

68
Q

Does not make tissue translucent but removes alcohol.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Chloroform

69
Q

Clearing time: 6-24 hours.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Chloroform

70
Q

Clearing time for Chloroform.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

6-24 hours

71
Q

Recommended for CNS TISSUE AND CYTOLOGY.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Cedarwood oil

72
Q

No tissue distortion even if left in oil.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Cedarwood oil

73
Q

Very expensive.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Cedarwood oil

74
Q

Clearing agent for paraffin and celloidin sections (impregnating changes media).

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Cedarwood oil

75
Q

Clearing time: 2-3 days.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Cedarwood oil

76
Q

[10] Clearing agent

[XTB, CCACC, MG]

A
  1. Xylene/Xylol
  2. Toluene
  3. Benzene
  4. Chloroform
  5. Cedarwood oil
  6. Aniline oil
  7. Clove oil
  8. Carbon tetrachloride
  9. Methyl Benzoate and Methyl Salicylate
  10. Glycerine/ Gum syrup
77
Q

Recommended for embryos, insects, and VERY DELICATE TISSUES.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Aniline oil

78
Q

Not for routine purposes.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Aniline oil

79
Q

Causes MINIMUM SHRINKAGE.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

80
Q

Becomes adulterated (Disadvantage: Expensive).

[clearing, dealcoholization]

81
Q

Similar to chloroform but cheaper.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Carbon tetrachloride

82
Q

Highly toxic upon prolonged exposure.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Carbon tetrachloride

83
Q

No dealcoholization but make the tissues clearer.

[clearing, dealcoholization]

A

Glycerine/Gum syrup

HPCT 311 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions