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HPCT 311 > Basic Histopathology > Flashcards

Basic Histopathology Flashcards

1
Q

to set a fire

A

{Inflammare”

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2
Q

Protective response of the tissues of the body to irritation or injury.

A

Inflammation

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3
Q

It is composed of a series of physiologic and morphologic changes in the blood vessels, blood components and surrounding connective tissues for the purpose of protecting the body against injury.

A

Inflammation

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4
Q

[5] Cardinal signs of inflammation.

[RTCDF]

A
  1. Rubor
  2. Tumor
  3. Calor
  4. Dolor
  5. Functio laesa
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5
Q

“redness”

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Rubor

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6
Q

Due to arteriolar and capillary dilatation with increased rate of blood flow towards the site of injury.

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Rubor

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7
Q

“swelling”

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Tumor

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8
Q

Due to increased capillary permeability causing extravasation of blood fluid; recruitment of phagocytes.

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Tumor

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9
Q

“heat”

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Calor

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10
Q

Due to transfer of internal heat to the surface or site of injury, brought about by increased blood content.

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Calor

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11
Q

“pain”

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Dolor

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12
Q

Due to pressure upon the sensory nerve by the exudate/tumor.

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Dolor

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13
Q

“diminished function”

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Functio laesa

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14
Q

Destruction of the functioning units of the tissue.

[cardinal signs of inflammation]

A

Functio laesa

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15
Q

[3] Classification of inflammation.

[ASC]

A
  1. Acute
  2. Subchronic
  3. Chronic
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16
Q

A rapid response to an injurious agent that aims to rapidly bring mediators of inflammation.

A

Acute inflammation

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17
Q

The escape of fluid, proteins and blood cells from the vascular system into interstitial tissue or body.

A

Exudation

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18
Q

[2] Types of Exudation

A
  1. Exudate
  2. Transudate
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19
Q

Increase specific gravity, increased protein with infection.

[types of exudation]

A

Exudate

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20
Q

Low specific gravity.

[types of exudation]

A

Transudate

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21
Q

[5] Character of exudate

[SF, CHS]

A
  1. Serous inflammation
  2. Fibrinous inflammation
  3. Catarrhal inflammation
  4. Hemorrhagic inflammation
  5. Suppurative or Purulent inflammation
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22
Q

Accumulation of serous fluid.

[terms]

A

Effusion

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23
Q

Creamy fluid composed of large number of PMNs and necrotic tissue debris.

[terms]

A

PUS

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24
Q

Large accumulation of Pus.

[terms]

A

Abscess

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25
Q

Small accumulation of pus.

[terms]

A

Pustule

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26
Q

Represents and intergrade between acute and chronic.

[classification of inflammation]

A

Subchronic inflammation

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27
Q

Persistence of the injuring agent for weeks/years.

[classification of inflammation]

A

Chronic inflammation

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28
Q

[3] Cellular death

[ANN]

A
  1. Apoptosis
  2. Necrobiosis
  3. Necrosis
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29
Q

PROGRAM CELL DEATH

[cell death (ANN)]

A

Apoptosis

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30
Q

Vital process that helps eliminate unwanted cells. An internally programmed series of events effected by dedicated gene product.

[cell death (ANN)]

31
Q

Physiologic death of cells.

[cell death (ANN)]

A

Necrobiosis

32
Q

Pathologic death of cell which is due to disease or injury.

[cell death (ANN)]

33
Q

[5] Cellular Death

[CL, CGF]

A
  1. Coagulation necrosis
  2. Liquefaction necrosis
  3. Caseous necrosis
  4. Gangrenous necrosis
  5. Fat necrosis
34
Q

Consists of more or less rapid coagulation of cytoplasm. Encountered when there is infarction.

[5’ cell death]

A

Coagulation necrosis

35
Q

Most common “TOMBSTONE FORMATION”.

[5’ cell death]

A

Coagulation necrosis

36
Q

Due to enzymes, necrosis of tissue rich in liquid.

[5’ cell death]

A

Liquefaction necrosis

37
Q

yellow, cheesy, crumbly material.

[5’ cell death]

A

Caseous necrosis

38
Q

“SULFIDE GAS FORMATION”

[5’ cell death]

A

Gangrenous necrosis

39
Q

[2] Gangrenous necrosis

[5’ cell death]

A
  1. Dry gangrene
  2. Wet gangrene
40
Q

Involves the destruction of adipose tissue. Fat destruction due to release of pancreatic lipases. “CHALKY WHITE APPEARANCE”

[5’ cell death]

A

Fat necrosis

41
Q

Serum secretion from serosal mesothelial cells/certain PTB.

[character of exudate]

A

Serous inflammation

42
Q

Exudation of large amount of fibrinogen (diptheria, Rheumatic pericarditis, early stage of pneumonia).

[character of exudate]

A

Fibrinous inflammation

43
Q

Hypertension of the mucosa.

[character of exudate]

A

Catarrhal inflammation

44
Q

Admixture of blood and other elements of exudate/bacterial infection and others.

[character of exudate]

A

Hemorrhagic inflammation

45
Q

Pus/purulent exudate.

[character of exudate]

A

Suppurative or purulent inflammation

46
Q

[2] Microscopic changes

A
  1. Nuclear changes
  2. Cytoplasmic changes
47
Q

[3] Nuclear changes

[PKK]

A
  1. Pyknosis
  2. Karyorrhexis
  3. Karyolysis
48
Q

Indicates reduction in size and condensation of the nuclear material.

[nuclear changes]

49
Q

Indicates the segmentation and fragmentation of the nucleus, whereby nuclear contents are broken up and released into the cytoplasm.

[nuclear changes]

A

Karyorrhexis

50
Q

Means the dissolution of the nucleus where all basophilism is lost and the nucleus dissapears.

[nuclear changes]

A

Karyolysis

51
Q

The cell may appear larger and granular
“CLOUDY SWELLING’’

[microscopic changes]

A

Cytoplasmic changes

52
Q

Refers to the death or complete cessation of metabolic and functional activities of the organism or body.

[death]

A

Somatic death

53
Q

Cells survive 4-6 minutes after lungs and heart stop functioning.

[death]

A

Somatic death

54
Q

[3] Primary changes in Somatic death.

[CRN]

A
  1. Circulatory failure
  2. Respiratory failure
  3. Nervous failure
55
Q

Death because of cardiovascular integrity.

[primary changes’ somatic death]

A

Circulatory failure

56
Q

Leads to death due to absence of oxygen and accumulation of carbon dioxide.

[primary changes’ somatic death]

A

Respiratory failure

57
Q

Causing loss of coordination of various body functions.

[primary changes’ somatic death]

A

Nervous failure (CNS failure)

58
Q

[6] Secondary changes of Somatic death

[ARL, DPA]

A
  1. Algor mortis
  2. Rigor mortis
  3. Livor mortis
  4. Desiccation
  5. Putrefaction
  6. Autolysis
59
Q

This is the first demonstrable change observed, characterized by cooling of the body. 7°F PER HOUR.

[secondary changes’ somatic death]

A

Algor mortis

60
Q

Refers to the rigidity or stiffening of the muscles, occurring 6-12hours after death.

[secondary changes’ somatic death]

A

Rigor mortis

61
Q

Refers to the purplish discoloration or lividity of the skin.

[secondary changes’ somatic death]

A

Livor mortis

62
Q

Refers to the drying and wrinkling of the cornea and the anterior chamber of the eye.

[secondary changes’ somatic death]

A

Desiccation

63
Q

Characterized by foul-smelling gases, due to multiplying saprophytic organisms.

[secondary changes’ somatic death]

A

Putrefaction

64
Q

This implies self-digestion of the cells, bacteria enhance the destruction of tissue.

[secondary changes’ somatic death]

65
Q

A healthy, relaxed sedentary 70kg man who is killed instantly in an accident will usually have organ weights in these ranges:

right lung:

66
Q

Left lung

67
Q

Heart:

68
Q

Liver:

A

1100 - 1600 g

69
Q

Adrenals:

A

2 grams or each

70
Q

Thyroid:

71
Q

Spleen:

72
Q

Brain:

A

1150 - 1450 g

73
Q

Clear of RBC

A

Chicken fat

74
Q

RBC

A

Currant jelly

HPCT 311 (11 decks)

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