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Neuro Endocrine > Triangles of the neck and misc > Flashcards

Triangles of the neck and misc Flashcards

1
Q

What is found at the Vertebral level of C3-C4

A

Body of the hyoid bond
Upper margin of the thyroid cartilage
Bifurcation of common carotid artery

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2
Q

What is found at the vertebral levels of C5 and C6

A

Arch of cricord cartilage

Superior end of the esophagus and trachea

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3
Q

What makes up the borders of the Posterior triangle

A

Sternocleidomastoid (anteriorly)
Trapezius (posteriorly)
Clavicle (inferiorly)

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4
Q

What is considered the floor of the Posterior triangle?

A

Floor is covered by prevertebral layer of deep fascia

Semispinalis capitis M
Splenius Capitus M
Levator Scapulae M
Posterior, middle, and anterior Scalene Muscles

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5
Q

What are the Arteries that run in the Posterior triangle

A 
Subclavian A
Thyrocervical Trunk
Transverse cervical A
Dorsal scapular A
Suprascapular A
Part of the occipital A
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6
Q

Relationships of the Posterior Triangle: Transverse cervical artery

A

runs superficially and laterally across the phrenic nerve and anterior scalene muscle

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7
Q

Relationships of the Posterior Triangle: suprascapular A

A

Passes inferolaterally across the anterior scalene muscle and phrenic nerve

travels with the suprascapular N

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8
Q

Relationships of the Posterior Triangle: External Jugular Vein

A

Begins inferior to the angle of the mandible by the joining of the retromandibular V and the posterior auricular vein

EJV will then drain into the subclavian V

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9
Q

Relationships of the Posterior Triangle: subclavian V

A

the subclavian V is anterior to the anterior scalene m and then will join with the internal jugular V to form the brachiocephalic vein

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10
Q

What are the 4 cutaneous branches of the Posterior triangle and where do they emerge from

A

Lesser occipital N
Great Auricular N
Transverse cervical N
Suprascapular N

come from the cervical plexus and emerge around the middle of the posterior SCM this is called the nerve point of the neck or Erbs point

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11
Q

what does the Lesser occipital nerve innervate cutaneously

A

skin of neck and scalp posterior to the auricle

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12
Q

What does the Great auricular nerve innervate cutaneously

A

Skin and sheath over parotid gland, mastoid process, auricle and angle of mandible

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13
Q

What does the suprascapular nerve innervate cutaneously

A

skin over the clavicle and over the shoulder

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14
Q

Nerves located in the Posterior Triangle

A 
Lesser occipital N
Great Auricular N
Transverse cervical N
Suprascapular N
Spinal Accessory (XI)
Phrenic N
Roots of brachial plexus
Ansa cervicalis: in fascia of carotid sheath
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15
Q

Torticollis

A

contraction or shortening of Sternocleidomastoid m that causes the head to tilt toward and the face to turn away from the affected side

due to spinal accessory nerve damage, usually at Erbs point

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16
Q

Sub triangles of the Posterior triangle

A

Occipital triangle
Omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle

split by the Inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle

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17
Q

Borders of the anterior Triangle

A

Midline of the neck (medially)
Sternocleidomastoid (laterally)
Lower border of mandible (superiorly)

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18
Q

Muscles of the anterior triangle: Suprahyoid muscles

A

Elevate hyoid and larynx

Mylohyoid
stylohyoid
Diagastric Muscles (anterior and posterior)
Gleniohyoid Muscle

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19
Q

Muscles of the anterior Triangle: Infrahyoid Muscles

A

Depress hyoid and larynx

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid Muscle
Sternothyroid M
Thyrohyoid muscle

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20
Q

Branches of the External Carotid Artery

A 
Superior Thyroid A
Lingual A
Facial A
Ascending pharyngeal A
Occipital A
Posterior Auricular A
Maxillary A
Superficial temporal A
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21
Q

What are the four subdivisions of the Anterior triangle

A

Submandibular (diagastric) triangle
Submental Triangle
Carotid Triangle
Muscular Triangle

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22
Q

Submandibular Triangle: Borders

A

Inferior border of the mandible
anterior belly of digastric M
Posterior belly of Diagastric Belly

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23
Q

Submandibular Triangle: Floor

A

Mylohyoid Muscle
Hypoglossus m
middle pharyngeal constrictor M

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24
Q

Submandibular Triangle Contents

A 
Submandibular gland
submandibular lymph nodes
hypoglossal N (CN XII): lays on the hyoglossus M
Nerve to mylohyoid 
Parts of Facial N and A
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25
Q

Submental Triangle: Borders, and floor

A

Body of Hyoid
Right and left anterior belly of diagastric M
Mylohyoid Muscles

26
Q

Submental Triangle Contents

A

Submental lymph nodes

small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein

27
Q

Muscular Triangle Borders

A

Superior belly of Omohyoid
Sternocleidomastoid M
and median plane of the neck

28
Q

Muscles contained in the Muscular triangle

A

Sternohyoid M
Sternothyroid M
Thyrohyoid M

29
Q

Muscular triangle Contents

A 
THyroid gland, 
parathyroid gland
larynx
trachea
esophogus

Common carotid
Superior thyroid a
Inferior thyroid A

Anterior jugular V
Thyroid Veins (superior, middle, and inferior)

Ansa cervicalis N
Eternal Laryngeal N
Recurrent laryngeal N

30
Q

Carotid triangle borders

A

Superior belly omohyoid
posterior belly of digastric
Sternocleidomastoid M

31
Q

Carotid triangle floor

A

Thyrohyoid M
Hyoglossus M
Middle and inferior constrictor muscles of the pharynx

32
Q

Carotid triangle contents

A 
Carotid Sheath
Branches of the external carotid A
Internal and external laryngeal nerves
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Spinal accessory N (CN XI)
ansa cervicalis Nerve
33
Q

Carotid Triangle Vasculature: External carotid branches

A

Superior thyroid a ( gives fise to the superior laryngeal a and supplies the thyroid)

Ascending pharyngeal a ( only medial branch and medial to Internal carotid A)

Lingual a (anterior to middle pharyngeal constrictor, deep to hypoglossal nerve, stylohyoid
m. and the posterior belly of digastric, disappears deep to hyoglossus m.)

Facial a ( gives rise to ascending palatine artery and tonsillary a, fond deep to submandibular gland and angle of the mandible (pulse point)

Occipital a ( passes superficial to ICA and hypoglossal n

Posterior auricular a ( ascends between external acoustic meatus and mastoid process)

finally terminates into the maxillary artery and the superficial temporal a

34
Q

Carotid Sinus

A

Baroreceptor
measures blood pressure

innervated by carotid sinus nerve
-contains nerves from both Vagus (X) and Glossopharyngeal (IX)

35
Q

Carotid Body

A

Chemoreceptor
measures oxygen levels

Innervated by carotid sinus nerve
-contains branches from both Vagus (X) and glossopharyngeal (IX)

36
Q

What are the contents of the carotid sheath

A 
Carotid arteries (medial)
Internal Jugular Vein (Lateral)
Vagus Nerve (Posterior)
Ansa Cervcalis (anterior or embedded in sheath)
37
Q

What three CN give rise in the carotid Triangle

A

Vagus (X)
-gives rise to pharyngeal branch
-superior laryngeal branch ( then divides into internal and external)
carotid body branch

Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI)

Hypoglosseal Nerve (XII)

38
Q

Thoracic Inlet/outlent

A

inlet: anatomists refrence to superior thoracic aperture where food and air may enter
outlet: Clinician reference to superior thoracic aperture where arteries and nerves emerge

39
Q

Contents of THoracic inlet/outlent

A 
APEX of LUNG
subclavian artery and vein
brachial plexus
Vagus N
Phrenic N
Thoracic duct
Right lymphatic duct
sympathetic chain
Trachea
Esophagus
40
Q

Phrenic Nerve

A

C3-4-5
Right and a left

Sole motor supply to the diaghragm

Arises from the neck so that despite spinal cord injuries still can breathe

lies superficial to the anterior scalene

41
Q

Cervical Plexus

A

C1-C4
superficial branches: sensory
Deep branches: Motor

42
Q

Cervical Plexus: Great Auricular N

A

C2-C3 sensory

43
Q

Cervical Plexus: Lesser Occipital Nerve

A

C2 sensory

44
Q

Cervical Plexus: Supraclavicular Nerves

A

C3-C4 sensory

45
Q

Cervical Plexus: Transverse Cervical Nerve

A

C2-C3 sensory

46
Q

Cervical Plexus: Meningeal Nerve

A

C1-C2 sensory

to floor of posterior cranial fossa

47
Q

Cervical Plexus: Anas cervicalis

A

superior branch: C1-C2
Inferior branch: C2-C3

Motor

48
Q

Cervical Plexus: Phrenic Nerve

A

C3-C4-C5

Motor

49
Q

Superior Cervical ganglion

A

Located at C1 and C2

sympathetics

50
Q

Middle Cervical Ganglion

A

Located at C6 at the level of the cricord cartilage

smallest of the 3 and may be absent

sympathetics

51
Q

Inferior cervical Ganglion

A

In 80 percent of people the inferior cervical ganglion fuses with the 1st thoracic ganglion and is termed the stellate (cervicothoracic) ganglion

located anterior to transverse process of C7

52
Q

Platysma

A

Muscle of fascial expression

innervated by the facial N (VII)

Found in the Superficial Fascia
along with cutaneous nerves
blood and lymphatic vessels
superficial lymph nodes
and fat
53
Q

Deep Cervical Fascia: Investing Layer

A

most superficial
surrounds the entire neck
encloses the Trapezius and SCM muscles
Encloses the parotid gland and the submandibular gland

54
Q

Deep Cervical Fascia: Pretracheal layer

A

located only in the anterior region of the neck
Blend with the fibrous pericardium of the heart (mediastium)
Muscular layer (infrahyoid muscles)
Buccopharyngeal fascia and a visceral layer

55
Q

Deep Cervical Fascia: Prevertebral Layer

A

Encloses the vertebral column and associated muscles
Extends laterally as the axillary sheath into the arm

Extends from the cranial base to the mediastinum

56
Q

Retropharyngeal space

A

Posterior to pharynx
bound by the buccopharyngeal fascia anteriorly, and the prevertebral fascia posteriorly and the carotid sheath laterally

Retropharyngeal abscess develops secondary to lymphatic drainage or spread of upper respiratory or oral infections

Causes difficulty in swallowing and speaking and can be life threatening

57
Q

Five groups of superficial lymph nodes and what do they drain?

A

Occipital: drain posterior scalp and neck

Mastoid: (retro-auricular/posterior auricular) drain posterolateral half of scalp

Pre auricular and parotid: drain anterior auricular, anterolateral scalp and upper half of face

Submandibular: follows facial artery and drains part of gingivae teeth and tongue, upper lip and lateral lower lip

Submental: drains center part of lower lip, chin, floor of mouth, tip of tongue and lower incisor teeth

58
Q

Superficial cervical Lymphnodes

A

Collection of nodes alon the external jugular vein

recieve lymph from the posterior and posterolateral regions of the scalp

will drain into deep cervical nodes

59
Q

Deep cervical Lymph nodes

A

Collection of nodes along internal jugular vein

upper and lower deep cervical nodes

60
Q

Jugulodigastric

A

most superior node in the upper deep cervical node

located at C3-C4 near posterior belly of diagastric node

61
Q

Jugulo-omohyoid

A

associated with lower deep cervical nodes

located at the C6 inferior to tendon of omohyoid M

Neuro Endocrine (20 decks)

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