Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Endocrine > Development of Orofacial Structures > Flashcards

Development of Orofacial Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Neurocranium give rise to

A

Derived from Mesenchyme

gives rise to bones that enclose the brain

Cartilaginous and membranous components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the Viscerocranium give rise to

A

Derived from mesenchyme

gives rise to bones that comprise the facial skeleton

Cartilaginous and membranous components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the Cartilaginous and membranous parts of the Neurocranium

A 
Cartilaginous:
Occipital bone
Body of sphenoid bone
ethmoid bone
Petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone

Membranous parts:
Calveria
-frontal and parietal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the Cartilaginous and membranous parts of the viscerocranium

A

Cartilaginous:
all the PA CT structures

Membranous:
Maxillary prominence
squamous part of temporal bone
Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Craniosynstosis and the 4 types

A

Premature fusion of cranial structure

Scaphocephaly: sagital suture
head is long, narrow, and wedged shaped cranium
most common

Brachycephaly: Entire coronal suture
High, tower like cranium

Plagiocephaly: one side of coronal suture
twisted and asymetric

Trigoncephaly: Frontal suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Frontal Nasal prominence derivatives

A

Forehead
dorsum/apex of nose

rostral boundary of stomodeum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lateral nasal Prominence derivatives

A

Alae of nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Medial Nasal Prominence derivatives

A

Nasal Septum
Ethmoid bone
Cribiform plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Maxillary Prominence derivative

A

Upper check
Upper lip
and secondary palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mandibular Prominence derivative

A

Chin
Lower lip
Cheek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 5 facial primordiaey surround and when do they appear

A

2 maxilary prominences
2 mandibular prominences
1 frontonasal prominence

surround the stomodeum=face

appear during the 4th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the first parts of the face to form and how? what happens if it is incomplete?

A

LOwer jaw and the lip are first parts of face to form from the oropharyngeal membrane distenegrates and the 2 mandibular prominences merge together at the medial end

incomplete fusion results in a chin dimple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What invades the maxillary prominences

A

Primordial lips and cheeks are invaded by mesencyme from PA2 to give rise to the facial muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the nasal Placodes and where do they rise

A

Vilateral oval thickenings of surface ectoderm on the inferolateral portion of frontonasal prominence

Proliferation causes horse shoe shaped elevations which gives rise to the medial and lateral nasal prominences

These elevations result in formation of nasal pits and the premordial nares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to the Median Nasal prominences

A

shifted towards the midline with medial growth of maxillary prominences

  • regulated by PDGFRA
  • Fusion results in formation of intermaxillary segment (Philtrum)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to the lateral nasal prominences

A

Seperated from maxillary prominence by nasolacrimal groove

merges with maxillary prominence by end of week 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the Auricular primordia

A

Six auricular hillocks form around the first pharyngeal groove
development of the mandible pushes ears from neck to side of head at level of the eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when does the nose and mandible reach its characteristic form

A

14 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how does the skull move as the brain forms

A

the cranial cavity expands bi laterally

orbits will move from the lateral side to forward facing orientaion we are now

20
Q

How are the nasal cavities formed

A

Nasal placodes depress and form nasal pits

Mesenchyme from the medial and lateral Nasal prominences induce nasal pits to become deeper
-Primordial nasal sacs

Primordial nasal sacs grow dorsally and ventrally to the forebrain

21
Q

What separates the primordial sacs

A

Oronasal membrane seperates the primordial nasal sacs

but this will rupture at the end of week 6

22
Q

WHat is the primodal choanae

A

Connection between the nasopharynx and the nasal cavity

23
Q

What is the Nasal concahe

A

Superior, middle, and inferior turbinate

inflammed with rhinitis

24
Q

What is the Olfactory Epithelium

A

Specializes into olfactory nerve

in parkinson disease is patients lose these cells and smell prior to the onsent of parkinson symptoms

25
Q

When does the Palate form and what is considered the critical period

A

two stages that occur between weeks 6-12

Critical period- Endo of week 6, beginning of week 9

26
Q

How is the primary palate formed

A

Fusion of the median Nasal prominences forms the median palatine process

  • located between maxillary prominences
  • forms premaxillary part of maxilla
27
Q

How is the secondary palate formed

A

Develops from lateral palatine processes (Palatal shelves)

-Mesenchymal projections extending from internal aspects of maxillary prominences

28
Q

How is the final Palate formed

A

Bone extends from the maxillae and palatine bones into the lateral palatine processes to form the hard palate
-posterior portions do not ossify (soft palate and uvula)

-Palatine raphe indicates the line of fusion

Incisive fossa is remnant of nasopalatine canal

29
Q

How does the nasal septum grow

A

Downward growth of internal parts of merged medial nasal prominences

fuses with lateral palatine processes
-anterior to posterior

30
Q

Cleft lip and palate and how is it caused

A

Most common craniofacial malformation

caused by defects in fusion
can be unilateral or bilateral
-unilateral on the left is the most common

Risk factos:

Genetics:
SATB2, SHH, TGF-alpha, TGF B3, IRF6

Environmental;

Antiepileptic drugs, smoking, binge drinking, folate deficiency, obesity

31
Q

Choanal Atresia

A

Associated with bony abnormalities of the pterygoid plates and midfacial growth abnormalities

presents as upper airway obstruction, noisy breathing, or cyanosis that worsens during feeding and improves with crying

32
Q

How does the oral part of the tongue form

A

Anterior 2/3 of tongue

Median ingual swelling (median tongue bud) appears at the end of the 4th week

Two lateral tongue swellings (distal tongue buds) develop on either side of the median tongue swelling
-induced by mesencyme from pharyngeal arch 1

Pharyngeal part-

  • copula = ventromedial parts of PA2
  • Hypopharyngeal eminence = ventromedial parts of PA 3 and 4

Hypopharyngeal eminence over grows copula
-terminal sulcus is where fusion of the oral and pharyngeal parts occur

33
Q

What is tongue musculature derived from

A

myoblasts of occipital myotomes

CN XII

34
Q

What is glossoschissis

A

bifid tongue, snake tongue

35
Q

Ankyloglossia

A

short frenulum

can present with problems breast feeding and speaking

36
Q

Macroglossia

A

associated with beckwith wiedmann and down syndromes
mucopolysaccharidosis

big tongue

37
Q

how does odontogenesis begin

A

induced by communication between neural crest cells and oral epithelium (ectoderm)

consists of dental laminae
-U shaped bands of oral epithelium that follow the curves of the primitive jaws

38
Q

What is the Cap stage

A

the tooth bud becomes cap shaped when invested by mesenchyme

39
Q

What are the parts of the tooth bud

A

Enamel organ
Dental papilla
Dental follicle/sac

40
Q

What makes up the enamel organ

A

Ectrodermal cells from dental lamina: enamel

Outer cell layer lined by outer enamel epithelium

inner cell layer lines papilla lined by inner enamel epithelium

stellate reticulum

41
Q

What makes up the dental papilla

A

Internal part of tooth: dentin and pulp

42
Q

What makes up the dental follicle/sac

A

Mesenchyme surrounding dental papilla and enamel organ

cementum

43
Q

What happens in the bell stage

A

The enamel organ becomes bell shaped due to differentiation of enamel

Odontoblasts: from dental papilla cells nect to inner enamel epithelium, predentin calcifies to become dentin

Ameloblasts: coming from inner enamel epithelium differentiates in response to dentin production and produces enamel

44
Q

What happens in root development

A

Epithelial root sheath: fusion of inner and outer enamel epithelium and production of root dentin

Pulp: central dental papilla

Cementum: inner cells of dental sac from cementoblasts

Peridontal ligament: outer cells of dental sac

45
Q

Eruption

A

Root of tooth and crown erupt through oral epithelium

mandibular teeth erupt first

Deciduous root is resorbed by odontoclasts

46
Q

Permenant tooth development

A

Permanent dentition consists of 32 teeth

Deciduous permenant teeth appear at 10 weeks

Tooth buds for permanant teeth appear at different times
-mostly during the fetal period

Buds for 2nd/3rd permenant molars develop after birth

Neuro Endocrine (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions