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Neuro Endocrine > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Name all 12 cranial nerves

A 
Olfactory CN I
Optic CN II
Oculomotor CN III
Trochlear CN IV
Trigeminal CN V
Abducens CN VI
Facial CN VII
Vestibulochoclear CN VIII
Glossopharyngeal CN IX
Vagus CN X
Spinal Accessory CN XI
Hypoglossal CN XII
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2
Q

What CN exits this foramen: Cribiform plate

A

CN I Olfactory

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3
Q

What CN exits this foramen: Optic canal

A

CN II Optic

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4
Q

What CN exits this foramen: Superior orbital fissure

A

CN III Oculomotor
CN IV Trochlear
CN V (1) Opthalmic division of trigeminal
CN VI Abducens

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5
Q

What CN exits this foramen: Foramen Rotundum

A

CN V(2) Maxillary Division of trigeminal

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6
Q

What CN exits this foramen: Foramen Ovale

A

CN V(3) Mandibular Divison of Trigeminal

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7
Q

What CN exits this foramen: Internal Acoustic Meatus

A

CN VII Facial

CN VIII Vestibulocochlear

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8
Q

What CN exits this foramen: Jugular Foramen

A

CN IX Glossopharyngeal
CN X Vagus
CN XI Spinal Accessory N

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9
Q

What CN exits this foramen: Hypoglossal

A

CN XII Hypoglossal

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10
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Oculomotor

A

Somatic Motor (GSE)

CN III

All extra ocular eye muscles except superior oblique, and lateral rectus m

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11
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Trochlear

A

Somatic Motor (GSE)

CN IV

Superior Oblique muscle

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12
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Abducens

A

Somatic Motor (GSE)

CN VI

Lateral rectus Muscle

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13
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Hypoglossal

A

Somatic Motor (GSE)

CN XII

Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (except palatoglossus)

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14
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Masicator

A

Branchial Motor (SVE)

CN V

Muscles of mastication

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15
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Facial

A

Branchial Motor (SVE)

CN VII

Muscles of facial expression

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16
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Ambiguus

A

Branchial motor (SVE)

CN IX, CN X

Muscles of the pharynx and larynx

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17
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Accessory

A

Branchial Motor (SVE)

CN XI

Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid

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18
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus:Edinger-westphal

A

Visceral Motor (GVE) Parasympathetic

CN III

Ciliary Muscle, constrictor pupillae

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19
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Superior Salivatory

A

Visceral Motor Parasympathetic (GVE)

CN VII

All glands of the head except the integumentary and parotid

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20
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Inferior salivatory

A

Visceral Motor Parasympathetic (GVE)

CN IX

Parotid gland

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21
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Dorsal Vagus

A

Visceral Motor Parasympathetic (GVE)

CN X

All thoracic viscera and abdominal viscera to the splenic flexure

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22
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Solitarius

A

Visceral Sensory (GVA)

CN IX, CN X

Visceral afferent information necessary for visceral reflexes, and nausea

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23
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Trigeminal

A

General sensory (GSA)

CN V, VII, IX, X

Pain, Temperature, touch, proprioception from the head neck, sinuses, and meninges

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24
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Mitral cells of olfactory bulbs

A

Special Sensory (SSA)

CN I

Smell

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25
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Ganglion cells of retina

A

Special Sensory (SSA)

CN II

Vision

26
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Gustatory

A

Special Sensory (SSA)

CN VII, IX

Taste

27
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Vestibular

A

Special Sensory (SSA)

CN VIII

Balance

28
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Cochlear

A

Special Sensory (SSA)

CN VIII

Hearing

29
Q

What is a general rule about sympathetic fibers in the head?

A

They are all postganglionic arising from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk

THey travel on vessels of the structures they innervate (Deep petrosal Nerve)

30
Q

What are the 4 ganglia in the head that Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers arise

A

Cilliary
Pterygopalatine
Otic
Submandibular

31
Q

What 4 cranial Nerves carry Preganglionic parasympathetics

A

CN III, VII, IX, X

32
Q

What nerve does post ganglionic fibers piggy back

A

Branches of the trigeminal to arrive at the structure they Innervate

33
Q

Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: II

A

Optic

Special Sensory (SSA)

Vision

Retina of the eye

34
Q

Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: I

A

Olfactory

Special Sensory (SSA)

Smell

Bipolar neurons in olfactory mucosa of nasal cavity

35
Q

Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: III

A

Oculomotor
Somatic Motor function (GSE)
Parasympathetic Motor Function (GVE)

GSE: Supplies 4 extrinsic eye muscles: Superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, and Levator palpebrae superioris muscle to elevate the eyelid

GVE: Innervates the sphinctor pupillae muscle to make pupil constrict
Contracts ciliary muscles to make the lens of the eye more spherical (near vision)

Orgin:
GSE: Oculomotor
GVE: Edinger Westphal

36
Q

Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: IV

A

Trochlear

Somatic Motor (GSE)

Supplies one extrinsic eye muscle (superior oblique) to move eyeball inferiorly and laterally

Trochlear nucleus

37
Q

Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: VI

A

Abducens

Somatic Motor (GSE)

Innervates one extrinsic eye muscle (lateral rectus) for eye ABduction

Abducens (Pontine) nucleus

38
Q

Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: V

A

Trigeminal

Branchial Motor (SVE)
General Sensory (GSA)

SVE: Innervates the muscles of mastication ( temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids) Mylohyoid, anterior belly of Diagastric M, tensor tympani muscle and tensor veli palatini

GSA: Broken down into 3 portions, Opthalmic, Maxillary, and Mandibular and does sensory for much of the face and also does 2/3 of tongue and oral cavity

Orgin: Pons

39
Q

Opthalmic Nerve, Branches and what it Innervates

A

V1

Branches:
Lacrimal
Frontal: Supratrochlear, supraorbital
Nasociliary: Long and short ciliary, infratrochlear, Ethmodial
Meningeal Brnch

Sensory from cornea, nose, forehead, anterior scalp

40
Q

Maxillary Nerve, branches and what it Innervates

A

V2

Branches:
Zygomatic: Zygomaticotemporal, Zygomaticofacial
Infraorbital: External nasal, Superior labial
Superior alveolar: Anterior, middle, posterior
Palatine: Orbital, greater and lesser palatine, pharyngeal
Meningeal: Anterior and middle cranial fossa

Sensory from nasal mucosa, palate, gums, cheek

41
Q

Mandibular Nerve, branches and whay it Innervates

A

V3

Branches:
Buccal
Lingual
Inferior Alveolar: Dental, Incisive, Mental
Auriculotemporal: Anterior auricular, External Acoustic meatus, Temporomandibular joint, superficial temporal
Meningeal: Anterior and middle cranial fossa

Sensory from anterior 2/3 of tongue, skin of chin, lower jaw, lower teeth, one third of auricle of ear

Innervates the muscles of mastication ( temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids) Mylohyoid, anterior belly of Diagastric M, tensor tympani muscle and tensor veli palatini

42
Q

Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: VII

A

Facial Nerve

Branchial motor (SVE)
Visceral motor (GVE)
General Sensory (GSA)
Special Sensory (SSA)

SSA: Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

SVE: Muscles of facial expression (buccinator, platysma, and occipitalis) stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of diagastric muscles

GSA: supply the skin of concha of auricle and an area of skin behind ear, wall of acoustic meatus and external tympanic membrane

GVE: lacrimal gland, submandibular gland and the sublingual gland

Nuclei within pons

43
Q

What are the 5 major branches to the muscles of facial expression of CN VII

A

Temporal, Zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical branches

44
Q

Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear

SPecial Sensory (SSA)

Auditory information from the cochlea
Balance information from the semicircular canals

Hair cells in the vestibule of the inner ear
cochlea of the inner ear

45
Q

Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

Branchial Motor (SVE)
Visceral Motor (GVE)
Visceral Sensory (GVA)
Somatic sensory (GSA)
Special Sensory (SSA)

SVE: Supply the striated muscle of the stylopharyngeus

GVE: supply the otic ganglion which sends fibers to the parotid gland

GVA: Carries sensation from the carotid body and carotid sinus

SSA: Taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

orgin: sensory is located in the taste buds of tongue, and the carotid bodies
motor is located in the nuclei of the medulla oblongata

46
Q

Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: X

A

Vagus Nerve

Branchial Motor (SVE)
Visceral Motor (GVE)
Visceral Sensory (GVA)
General Sensory (GSA)

SVE: To muscles of the pharynx, tongue (palatoglossus) and larynx (except stylopharyngeus and tensor muscles)

GVE: to smooth muscles and glands of the pharynx, larynx, and thoracic and abdominal viscera

GVA: From larynx, trachea, esophagus, thoracic and abdominal viscera, stretch receptors in the aortic arch, chemoreceptors and aortic bodies

GSA: Back of the ear and in the external acoustic meatus, part of the external surface of the tympanic membrane and the pharynx

Orgin: Motor Nuclei in medulla oblongata

47
Q

Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: XI

A

Accessory Nerve

Branchial Motor (SVE)

Supplys the Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Orgin: Motor nuclei in spinal cord

48
Q

Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: XII

A

Hypoglossal Nerve

Somatic Motor (GSE)

Supplies all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus (hyoglossus, genioglossus, styloglossus)

Hypoglossal nucleus

49
Q

Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: XII

A

Hypoglossal

swallowing and speech difficulties due to impaired tongue movement.

If a single hypoglossal nerve left or right is paralyzed, a protruded (stuck out) tongue deviates to the side of the damaged nerve

50
Q

Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: XI

A

Accesssory

Paralysis of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid, resulting in difficulty elevating shoulder or turning head to opposite side

51
Q

Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: X

A

Vagus

Variety of larynx problems including: hoarsness, monotome, or complete loss of voice

also lesions can cause difficulty in swallowing or impaired gastrointestinal system mobility

52
Q

Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

Reduced salivary secretion, and loss of taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue

53
Q

Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear

Lesions in vestibular branch produce loss of balance, nausea, vomitting, and dizziness,
Lesions in cochlear branch result in deafness (loss of hearing

54
Q

Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: VII

A

Facial

Decreased tearing and decrease salivation
loss of taste sensation to anterior 2/3
Facial nerve palsy characterized by paralyzed facial muscles, eyelid droop and sagging corner of mouth

55
Q

Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: V

A

Trigeminal

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) caused by inflammation of the sensory components of the trigeminal nerve leading to intense pulsating pain lasting from minutes to hours

56
Q

Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: VI

A

Abducens

Paralysis of lateral rectus limits lateral movement of eye
diplopia (double vision)

In the direction of the gaze one eye will move medially but the eye trying to move laterally cant

57
Q

Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: IV

A

Trochlear

Paralysis of superior oblique, leading to strabismus (eyes not in parallel/deviated improperly
diplopia

58
Q

Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: III

A

Oculomotor

Ptosis (upper eyelid droop)
paralysis of eye muscles leading to strabismus (eyes not in parallel and deviated)
diplopia
focusing difficulty

if in one eye, the eye will look downward and lateral and the pupil will be dilated

59
Q

Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: II

A

Optic

Anopsia (visual defects)
depends on location of lesion

60
Q

Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: I

A

Olfactory

Anosmia (partial or total loss of smell

61
Q

Visceral Parasympathetic route for CN IX

A

Tympanic nerve arises from CN IX and emerges through the jugular foramen

Enters middle ear via the tympanic canal in petrous part of the temporal bone

Tympanic nerve forms tympanic plexus

lesser petrosal nerve arises as a branch of the tympanic plexus

lesser petrosal goes through tympanic cavity to middle cranial fossa

lesser petrosal nerve leaves through foramen ovale

parasympathetic fibers synapse on otic ganglion

Postsynaptic fibers pass to parotid on branches of auriculotemporal nerve CN V3

Neuro Endocrine (20 decks)

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