Oral cavity and Pharynx

Question 1

oral cavity structure and function: gingivae

Answer 1

surrounds necks of teeth and covers alveolar processes

Question 2

oral cavity structure and function: hard palate

Answer 2

forms anterior 2/3 of roof of mouth and seperates oral cavity from nasal cavity

Question 3

oral cavity structure and function: lips

Answer 3

help close oral cavity during chewing

Question 4

oral cavity structure and function: salivary glands

Answer 4

produce saliva

Question 5

oral cavity structure and function: teeth

Answer 5

physically break down food and help in mastication

Question 6

oral cavity structure and function: tongue

Answer 6

pushes food against palate to turn it into a bolus and detects taste

Question 7

oral cavity structure and function: tonsils

Answer 7

detects antigens in swallowed food and drink and initiate immune response if necessary

Question 8

oral cavity structure and function: vestibule

Answer 8

space where ingested materials are mixed with saliva and mechanically digested

Question 9

oral cavity structure and function: Uvula

Answer 9

assists soft palate in closing off entryway to nasopharynx when swallowing

Question 10

what are the two arches in the mouth and what sits between them

Answer 10

Glossopalatine arch: more anterior and contain the uvula

Pharyngopalatine arch

in between are the palatine tonsils

Question 11

what makes up the palate?

Answer 11

anterior 2/3 is considered the hard palate

posterior 1/3 is considered the soft palate

Question 12

when swallowing what closes off the nasopharynx

Answer 12

uvula and the soft palate

Question 13

What represents the fauces in the mouth

Answer 13

fauces represents the opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx and are bounded by the muscular folds

• glossopalatine arch (anterior)
• Pharyngopalatine arch (posterior)

Question 14

What muscles make up the two arches in the mouth

Answer 14

glossopalatine arch: Palatoglossus m

pharyngopalatine arch: palatopharyngeal muscle

Question 15

what are the names of the three spaces in the back of the throat

Answer 15

nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Laryngopharynx

Question 16

What is the tongue and what is its function

Answer 16

formed from skeletal muscle covered in keratinize startified squamous epithelium

manipulates and mixes ingested materials during chewing creating the bolus (globular mass of partially digested food)

helps in swallowing

Question 17

WHat attaches the tongue to the inferior surface?
what covers the dorsal surface of the tongue?
and what is located posterior to the tongue?

Answer 17

lingual frenulum attatches the tongue to the oral surface

small projections called papillae

posterior surface is covered by lingual tonsils

Question 18

function and names of salivary glands?

Answer 18

collectively produce and secrete saliva

saliva assists in initial activities of digestion

most is produced by mealtime but also produced to keep oral cavity moist

saliva is 99 percent water

Parotid gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland

Question 19

what is the neural control of saliva secretion

Answer 19

parasympathetic axons from CN IX stimulate parotid glands

parasympathetic axons from CN XII stimulate submandibular and sublingual glands

sympathetic stimulation from cervical ganglia stimulate mucous secretion

Question 20

Information about the Parotid gland

Answer 20

largest salivary gland

produce 25-30 percent of saliva

parotid duct opens into the oral vestibule next to the second upper molar

Question 21

Information about the submandibular gland

Answer 21

Inferior to the body of the mandible

produce the most amount of saliva 60-70 percent

a duct opens from each gland through a papilla in the floor of the mouth on the lateral sides of the lingual frenulum

Question 22

Information about the sublingual glands

Answer 22

inferior to tongue and internal to the oral cavity mucosa

each gland extends multiple tiny sublingual ducts that open onto the inferior surface of the oral cavity posterior to the submandibular duct papilla

contribute 3-5 percent of saliva and tends to not be very watery

Question 23

functions of saliva

Answer 23

moistens ingested food to make the bolus easier to swllow

moistens and cleanses the oral cavity structures

first step in chemical digestion

contains antibodies and antibacterial element called lysozyme that help inhibit bacterial growth in the oral cavity

helps dissolve food molecules for taste buds to be stimulated

Question 24

function and anatomy of teeth

Answer 24

collectively known as dentition

responsible for ingestion and masstication and mechanical breakdown

contains an exposed crown, a constricted neck and one or more roots that anchor it to the jaw

Question 25

what is the tooth joint and what makes it up

Answer 25

gomphosis joint

roots of teeth fit tightly into dental alveoli which are sockets within the alveolar processes of both the maxillae and mandible

collectively the roots, dental alveoli, and peridontal ligament that binds the roots to the alveolar process make up the gomphosis joint

Question 26

how many teeth do you have in your first set vs your second and what is problematic in the 2nd set

Answer 26

20 deciduous teeth “milk teeth” appear between 6 months and 30 months

replaced by 32 teeth 7-8 years to 25 years
contains wisdom teeth that often have to be removed due to lack of space on jaw

Question 27

function and innervation of the stylopharyngeus muscle

Answer 27

inn: glossopharyngeal
action: elevate the larynx and pharynx to help in swallowing

Question 28

function and innervation of the levator veli palatini

Answer 28

Elevate the soft palate

inn: CN X pharyngeal branch

Question 29

function and innervation of the tensor veli palatini

Answer 29

Tenses the palate

inn: CN V3 (medial pterygoid branch)

Question 30

The tensor and levator veli palatini and its importance on the pharyngotympanic tube

Answer 30

Tensor veli tympani, tenses the soft palate and acts on the pharyngotympanic tube which helps to depressurize the middle ear

The Levator veli palatini elevates the tensed palated and acts on the pharyngotympanic tube

paralysis of both or either of these muscles lead to reflux of oral contents into the nasal cavity and a pharyngotympanic tube dysfunction

Question 31

Anatomy of swallowing: stage 1

Answer 31

Voluntary

bolus is compressed against the palate and pushed from the mouth into the oropharynx mainly by movements of the muscles of the tongue and soft palate

Question 32

Anatomy of swallowing: stage 2

Answer 32

involuntary and rapid
pharyngeal phase

the soft palate is elevated sealing off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx and laryngopharynx

the pharynx widens and shortens to receive the bolus as the suprahyoid muscles and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles contrax elevating the larynx

Question 33

Anatomy of swallowing: stage 3

Answer 33

Involuntary
esophageal phase

sequential contraction of all three pharyngeal constrictor muscles forces the food bolus inferiorly into the esophagus

Question 34

Waldeyers lymph ring

Answer 34

Lymph ring in the pharynx composed of the palatine, pharyngeal, and lingual tonsils

all drain to the deep cervical lymph nodes

if all inflammed in children can lead to airway obstruction

Question 35

What is the blood supply to the palatine tonsils

Answer 35

Tonsillar branch of ascending palatine artery

and tonsillar branch off facial artery

Question 36

what provides sensory innervates of the nasopharynx and above the pharyngotympanic tube and the torus tubarius

Answer 36

CN V2

Question 37

What provides sensory innervates of the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx

Answer 37

the pharyngeal plexus: CN IX and CN X

Question 38

what innervates the gag reflex

Answer 38

sensory is CN IX

motor CN X

Question 39

What innervates the cough reflex

Answer 39

CN X