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Neuro Endocrine > Thyroid and Larynx > Flashcards

Thyroid and Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Location of the thyroid

A

Deep to sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles

at vertebral levels C5-T1

Isthmus anterior to the 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings

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2
Q

Arterial blood supply of the thyroid

A

Superior thyroid A: supplies the anterior-superior aspects of the gland

Inferior thyroid a: Supplies the posterior-inferior aspects of the gland

Thyroid ima artery: Found in 10 percent of people located anterior to the trachea

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3
Q

Veins of the thyroid

A

Superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins form the thyroid plexus of veins

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4
Q

Thyroid relationships

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerves ascend in a groove between trachea and esophagus and they past deep to the posteromedial surface of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland

ligaments bind thyroid gland to trachea and cricord cartilage of larynx

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5
Q

Organization and function of the Larynx

A

Located at vertebral levels C3-C6
Connected to the pharynx and trachea

Functions: Phonation and patent airway

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6
Q

Thyroid Cartilage

A 
Located at C4
Laminae
Laryngeal prominence (adams apple)
Superior thyroid notch
Superior and inferior thyroid horn
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7
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Located at C6
signet ring shaped
Laminae and arch

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8
Q

Thyrohyoid membrane

A

Aperture for the internal branch of superior laryngeal N and superior laryngeal A

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9
Q

Cricothyroid membrane

A

Lateral and medial cricothyroid membranes
cricothyrotomy

connect the crico cartilage and the thyroid cartilage

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10
Q

Arytenoid cartilage

A

Sits on top of the Cricord cartilage

Corniculate artilage sits on on top of the arytenoid cartilage

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11
Q

Laryngeal Spaces: Laryngeal cavity

A

Extends from the laryngeal inlet, through which it communicates with the laryngopharynx, to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

it is continuous with the trachea

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12
Q

Laryngeal Spaces: Laryngeal vestibule

A

Between the laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds

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13
Q

Laryngeal Spaces: Laryngeal ventricle

A

Between the vestibular and vocal folds

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14
Q

Laryngeal Spaces: infraglottic cavity

A

Between the vocal folds and the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

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15
Q

Laryngeal Spaces: Rima glottidis

A

Space between the vocal folds

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16
Q

Conus Elasticus

A

Provides structure for vocal ligaments

17
Q

Vestibular folds

A

False vocal cords

18
Q

Vocal Fold

A

Vocal cords

19
Q

Cricothyroid Muscle

A

Orgin: Anterolateral part of cricoid cartilage
Insertion: Inferior margain and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

Inn: External aryngeal Nerve (from CN X)

Stretches and tenses vocal ligament

20
Q

Thyro-arytenoid Muscle

A

Orgin: Lower half of posterior aspect of angle of thyroid laminae and cricothyroid ligament
insertion: Anterolateral arytenoid surface

Inn: Inferior laryngeal nerve (from CN X)

Relaxes vocal ligament

21
Q

Posterior Crico-arytenoid muscle

A

orgin: Posterior surface of lamina or cricoid cartilage
Insertion: Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage

inn: Inferior laryngeal N (from CN X)

ABducts vocal folds

22
Q

Lateral Crico-arytenoid Muscle

A

Orgin: arch of cricoid cartilage
insertion: Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage

inn: Inferior laryngeal Nerve ( CN X)

Adducts vocal folds

23
Q

Transverse and oblique arytenoids

A

orgin: One arytenoid cartilage
insertion: Contralateral arytenoid cartilage

inn: Inferior laryngeal Nerve (CN X)

Adduct arytenoid cartilages

24
Q

Vocalis Muscle

A

Orgin: Lateral surfcae of vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
insertion: Ipsilateral vocal ligament

Inn: Inferior laryngeal nerve (CN X)

Relaxes posterior vocal ligament while maintaining tension of anterior part

25
Q

What muscles are active during forced respiration

A

Posterior crico-arytenoid

so it can Abduct the vocal folds to increase the opening

26
Q

What muscles are active during phonation

A

Lateral crico arytenoid
Transverse and oblique arytenoids

to keep the vocal folds opening closed ish

27
Q

What muscles are active during whispering?

A

Lateral crico arytenoid and the oblique arytenoid

this makes a small opening at the bottom

28
Q

Superior Laryngeal Artery

A

Accompanies internal branch of superior laryngeal Nerve

supplies the superior larynx above the vocal folds

29
Q

Inferior laryngeal Artery

A

Supplies the inferior Larynx below the vocal folds

Accompanies the inferior Laryngeal Nerve

30
Q

Superior Laryngeal nerve branches into the internal and external branches:

A

Internal branch of superior laryngeal Nerve is sensory
innervates the sensory above the vocal folds

External branch of the superior laryngeal Nerve is motor and innervates the cricothyroid muscle

31
Q

Inferior Laryngeal Nerve

A

Terminal branch of recurrent laryngeal nerve

Sensory and motor

innervates all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except for cricothyroid

sensory below the vocal folds

Neuro Endocrine (20 decks)

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