Triangles of Neck

Question 1

Most important landmark on the neck. Give reasons.

Answer 1

Cricoid cartilage

1. Lies at junction of larynx and trachea
2. Lies at junction of oesophagus and pharynx
3. Lies opposite carotid tubercle where common carotid artery can be compressed

Question 2

Thyroid cartilage lies at which level

Answer 2

Upper border lies at C4

Question 3

most important landmark on the neck lies at which level?

Answer 3

lower border of C6

Question 4

Most common midline swellings on neck are due to

Answer 4

submental lymph nodes as they drain the chin and lower lip central parts
goiters
thyroglossal cysts

Question 5

Which midline structure is separated from hyoid bone by subhyoid bursa?

Answer 5

Median thyrohyoid ligament

Question 6

Boundaries of anterior triangle

Answer 6

Anterior ; neck midline
Posterior: sternocleidomastoid anterior border
Base: base of mandible + line from mandible angle to mastoid process

Question 7

Superficial fascia of posterior triangle contains.

Answer 7

External jugular vein
Posterior jugular vein
Platysma
Cutaneous nerves and vessels

Question 8

Superficial fascia of anterior triangle contains

Answer 8

Platysma
Facial nerve’s cervical branch
Transverse cervical cutaneous nerve

Question 9

Digastric muscles nerve and blood supply

Answer 9

Anterior belly gets the Mylohyoid nerve and Facial artery

Posterior belly gets the Facial nerve and Occipital artery

Question 10

Boundaries of submental triangle

Answer 10

Base: hyoid bone
Apex: symphysis menti
Medial border: median line
Lateral border: digastric anterior belly

Question 11

Floor of submental triangle is formed by

Answer 11

Myolohyoid muscle

Question 12

Contents of submental triangle

Answer 12

Submental lymph nodes
Anterior jugular vein commencement
Submental veins

Question 13

Enumerate structures drained by submental nodes.

Answer 13

Lower lip central part
Incisors
Floor of mouth
Tip of tongue

Question 14

Structures forming the floor of submandibular/digastric triangle.

Answer 14

Mylohyoid
Hypoglossus
Inferior constrictor

Question 15

The submandibular triangle divided into two parts by which structure?

Answer 15

stylomandibular ligament

Question 16

True or false: The facial vein and artery lie superficial to the submandibular gland.

Answer 16

False: The facial vein lies superficial, while the facial artery goes deep to it.

Question 17

Most common structure producing swellings in the neck is the

Answer 17

submandibular lymph nodes because they drain so many structures

Question 18

Boundaries of the carotid triangle

Answer 18

Superior: posterior belly of digastric + stylohyoid
Apex: where sternocleidomastoid meets omohyoid’s superior belly
Anterior: omohyoid superior belly
Posterior: sternocleidomastoid anterior border

Question 19

Submandibular lymph nodes drain which three sinuses

Answer 19

Frontal, ethmoidal, and maxillary

Question 20

Submadibular lymph nodes drain into

Answer 20

Jugulodigastric and Juguloomohyoid lymph nodes

Question 21

Location of carotid sinus

Answer 21

Just above common carotid artery bifurcation; above C4 level, above upper border of thyroid cartilage

Question 22

Carotid sinus is a dilatation of

Answer 22

internal carotid artery

Question 23

What kind of receptor is the carotid sinus?

Answer 23

Baroreceptor

Question 24

Innervation to carotid sinus

Answer 24

Carotid sinus nerve (Hering’s nerve) from glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 25

Syncope refers to

Answer 25

fainting

Question 26

Procedure to relieve Carotid Sinus Syndrome

Answer 26

Periarterial neurectomy

Question 27

Cell types of the carotid body

Answer 27

``` Chief cells (release dopamine) Sustentancular cells (support) ```

Question 28

Contents of carotid triangle.

Answer 28

``` All carotid arteries Carotid sheath + Its contents Last 3 cranial nerves + Ansa cervicalis Internal jugular vein Deep cervical lymph nodes ```

Question 29

Which foramen does the internal carotid artery pass through to enter skull?

Answer 29

carotid canal

Question 30

Relation of external carotid artery to internal carotid artery

Answer 30

Travels anteromedial to it

Question 31

Level at which the lingual artery from external carotid artery arises.

Answer 31

Opposite tip of greater cornu of hyoid

Question 32

State distribution of branches of external carotid artery

Answer 32

Superior thyroid --> thyroid gland, larynx Ascending pharyngeal --> Pharynx Lingual --> Sublingual gland, Hyoglossus & Mylohyoid, Mucous membranes of mouth and gums, Soft palate, Epiglottis and glossopalatine arch Facial --> face muscles and skin Occipital --> Posterior scalp, Sternocleidomastoid, and Deep muscles of neck and back

Question 33

Which branch does lingual artery give off before going deep to hyoglossus?

Answer 33

Suprahyoid

Question 34

At which point does the Vagus nerve's pharyngeal branch join the pharyngeal plexus?

Answer 34

On top of superior constrictor

Question 35

The spinal accessory nerve travels on top of which vessel?

Answer 35

Internal jugular vein

Question 36

the hypoglossal nerve hooks around which artery?

Answer 36

occipital artery where it is originating

Question 37

the hypoglossal nerve gives off which root of the ansa cervicalis?

Answer 37

superior root/descendans hypoglossi

Question 38

True or false: Ansa cervicalis is made from ventral rami of C1 - C4.

Answer 38

False: It's ventral rami of C1 to C3

Question 39

At which level do the roots of the ansa cervicalis meet?

Answer 39

Level of cricoid cartilage; level of C6

Question 40

Muscles supplied by descendans cervicalis

Answer 40

Sternohyoid Stenothyroid Inferior belly of omohyoid

Question 41

Oesophagus and trachea found in which anterior triangle of neck?

Answer 41

Muscular triangle