Parotid gland Flashcards

1
Q

boundaries of the parotid bed/retromandibular fossa

A

Anterior: Mandible ramus posterior border , Masseter (laterally), Medial pterygoid (medially)

Posterior: mastoid process covered by sternocleidomastoid laterally

Superior: external acoustic meatus and posterior part of TMJ

Inferior: line joining angle of mandible to mastoid process

Medially: styloid process with stylohyoid, styloglossus, & stylopharyngeus

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2
Q

Extent of parotid gland

A

Superior; up to external acoustic meatus
Inferior; line joining angle of mandible to mastoid
Anterior; overlaps masseter posterior border
Posterior; overlaps sternocleidomastoid anterior border
Medially; close to pharynx wall (styloid process)

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3
Q

Location of accessory parotid gland and from which structure does it emerge?

A

Located between zygomatic arch superiorly and parotid duct inferiorly
Emerges from anterior aspect of parotid gland

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4
Q

Which layer of deep cervical fascia forms the false capsule?

A

Investing layer

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5
Q

The false capsule is also the

A

parotid fascia

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6
Q

Structure formed by deep lamina of parotid fascia and its significance

A

stylomandibular ligament

separates parotid gland from submandibular gland

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7
Q

Relations of the apex of parotid gland

A
  1. retromandibular vein and its divisions
  2. cervical branch of facial nerve
  3. posterior digastric
  4. upper carotid triangle
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8
Q

relations of lateral/superficial surface of parotid gland

A

skin
superficial fascia containing (preauricular/superficial parotid lymph nodes, greater auricular nerve, and platysmaO

parotid fascia superficial lamina
deep parotid lymph nodes

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9
Q

Attachments of superficial and deep laminae of parotid fascia

A

superficial lamina attaches to inferior border of zygomatic arch

deep lamina attaches to styloid process and tympanic plate

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10
Q

State relations of the anteromedial surface

A

Masseter
Mandible ramus
Medial pterygoid
TMJ lateral aspect

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11
Q

State the relations of the posteromedial surface

A
mastoid
sternocleidomastoid 
styloid 
digastric posterior belly
facial nerve 
external carotid artery
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12
Q

The parotid gland is separated from which structures by the styloid process and its attachmed muscles

A

Internal jugular vein
Internal carotid artery
Last 4 cranial nerves

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13
Q

Superficial lamina of parotid fascia also called

A

parotidomasseteric fascia

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14
Q

State the structures within the partoid gland from superficial to deep

A

*MNEMONIC: Not Vlogging Again :(

facial Nerve
retromandibular Vein
external carotid Artery

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15
Q

Formation of retromandibular vein

A

union of maxillary and superficial temporal veins

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16
Q

Which part of the parotid gland is affected in Pleomorphic adenoma?

A

the large superficial part

17
Q

Pleomorphic adenoma is another name for

A

Mixed parotid tumor

18
Q

clinical significance of patey’s faciovenous plane

A

the plane between the superficial and deep lobes of parotid gland where the vessels and nerves lie. surgeons cut parallel to the nerve in this plane to avoid damaging it as they remove parotid tumors

19
Q

Parotid duct is also called

A

Stenson’s duct

20
Q

At which point does Stenson’s duct emerge into the mouth?

A

opposite crown of upper second molar tooth

21
Q

Course of stenson’s duct

A

travels forward just anterior to masseter anterior border
bends medially to pierce buccal pad of fat, buccopharyngeal fascia, and buccinator

runs forward between buccinator and buccal mucous membrane

bends medially to pierce buccal mucous membrane to emerge at mouth vestibule opposite crown of upper 2nd molar tooth

22
Q

Importance of tortous course of parotid duct

A

acts like a valve to prevent the duct from swelling during excessive blowing/whistling

23
Q

surface anatomy of parotid duct

A

line from tragus to midpoint of line between ala of nose and upper lip

24
Q

Jacobson’s nerve

A

is the tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve that carries the preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers

25
Q

Explain the parasympathetic pathway for parotid gland innervation

A

Inferior salivatory nucleus –> glossopharyneal nerve –> temporal branch of glossopharyngeal nerve –> lesser petrosal nerve –> otic ganglion

26
Q

Enumerate innervation of parotid gland

A

Parasympathetic innervation via auriculotemporal nerve - produces water saliva

Sympathetic innervation via superior cervical sympathetic ganglia - produces thick, sticky saliva

Sensory innervation is by auriculotemporal and great auricular nerve (c2 & 3)

27
Q

Frey’s syndrome

A

damage to auriculotemporal and great auricular nerve causes them to grow back in the same sheath. therefore, signals for salivation signal the sensory nerves for heat, pain, touch.

Person sweats over parotid region during eating.

28
Q

Posterior auricular nerve is given off at

A

root of styloid process

29
Q

Mumps

A

swelling of parotid due to inflammation by infection of myxovirus (mumpus virus)

complications in adults include swelling of testes(epididimo-orchitis), inflammation of ovaries(oophoritis), and pancreas (pancreatitis) inflammation

30
Q

Lymphatic drainage of parotid gland

A

drained by superficial (pre-auricular) and deep parotid lymph nodes which go to drain into deep cervical lymph nodes

31
Q

Parotid gland derived from which embryologic germ layer

A

ectoderm

32
Q

Embryologic development of parotid gland

A

Week 6, cord of ectodermal cells at vestibule of primitive mouth grow backwards to form parotid duct

33
Q

Describe Hilton’s method

A

a method in which cut in the parotid fascia is made horizontal to the facial nerve to avoid injuring it during drainage of abcess