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Anatomy Head and Neck PHM > Thyroid gland > Flashcards

Thyroid gland Flashcards

1
Q

State relations of the base of thyroid gland lobes.

A

5-6th tracheal rings
Inferior thyroid artery
Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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2
Q

Explain importance of understanding relations of thyroid gland during thyroidectomy.

A

Inferior thyroid artery and recurrent laryngeal nerve are closely related near the base, so inferior thyroid artery should be ligated farther distal from base of thyroid gland where it’s not so close to the nerve.

Superior thyroid artery closely related to external laryngeal nerve above, but as they approach the apex they diverge so it should be ligated near the apex to avoid injuring the nerve.

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3
Q

State relations of lateral surface of thyroid gland.

A
  1. Sternothyroid
  2. Sternohyoid
  3. Omohyoid superior belly
  4. Sternocleidomastoid anterior border
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4
Q

State the surfaces of the thyroid gland.

A
  1. Medial surface
  2. Lateral/Superficial surface
  3. Posterolateral surface
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5
Q

What are relations of medial surface of the thyroid gland?

A 
2 tubes (trachea and esophagus) 
2 muscles (cricothyroid and inferior constrictor) 
2 nerves (external laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal) 
2 cartilages (thyroid and cricoid cartilages
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6
Q

What anastomosis is related to posterior border?

A

That between inferior and superior thyroid arteries

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7
Q

The thyroidea ima artery arises from which border of the thyroid gland?

A

inferior border of isthmus

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8
Q

What arteries supply this gland?

A
  1. Superior thyroid from external carotid artery
  2. Inferior thyroid from thyrocervical trunk
  3. Thyroidea ima artery from brachiocephalic trunk
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9
Q

The muscular band that sometimes attaches the pyramidal lobe to the hyoid bone

A

levator glandulae thyroideae

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10
Q

Extent of isthmus

A

2nd - 4th tracheal rings

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11
Q

thyroid gland lies at the level of which spinal vertebrae

A

C5 - T1

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12
Q

False capsule formed by which layer of deep cervical fascia

A

Pretracheal fascia

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13
Q

Attachments of pretracheal fascia after enclosing the thyroid gland as the false capsule

A

Attaches to body of hyoid bone and oblique line of thyroid cartilage

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14
Q

Relations of apex of thyroid gland lobes

A

lie just below insertion of sternothyroid muscles

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15
Q

Relations of posterolateral surface of thyroid gland

A

Carotid sheath with its contents

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16
Q

Point at which superior and inferior thyroid arteries anastomose

A

Posterior border of thyroid

17
Q

Relations of posterior border

A

Parathyroid glands

Anastomosis between superior and inferior thyroid arteries

18
Q

The strap muscles are

A

Sternothyroid

Sternohyoid

19
Q

Vein that runs across anterior surface of isthmus is the

A

anterior jugular veins

20
Q

Vessels related to inferior border of isthmus

A

Thyroid vein

Thyroideae ima artery

21
Q

Inferior thyroid artery is a branch of the

A

thyrocervical trunk

22
Q

Distribution of superior thyroid artery

A

supplies upper 2/3rds of lobes and 1/2 of isthmus

23
Q

Thyroideae ima artery arises from

A

brachiocephalic trunk or arch of aorta

24
Q

True or false: None of the thyroid veins accompany their arteries

A

True

25
Q

Enumerate the venous drainage; including how the veins emerge, and where they drain

Tip: mention 4 veins

A
  1. Superior thyroid vein
    - emerges at upper border of lobes
    - drains into internal jugular vein
  2. Middle thyroid vein
    - emerges at the middle of lobes
    - also drains into internal jugular vein
  3. Vein of Kocher (not always present)
    - emerges between middle and inferior thyroid veins
    - drains into internal jugular vein
  4. Inferior thyroid vein
    - emerges at base of lobes
    - drains into the LEFT brachiocephalic vein
26
Q

Inferior thyroid vein drains into the

A

left brachiocephalic vein

27
Q

Enumerate lymphatic drainage of the gland

A

Upper half drained by

  1. Upper deep cervical lymph nodes
  2. Prelaryngeal lymph nodes

Lower half drained by

  1. Lower deep cervical lymph nodes
  2. Pretrachial lymph nodes
  3. Paratracheal lymph nodes
28
Q

Name of ligament attaching thyroid gland to cricoid cartilage

A

Ligament of Berry

29
Q

Distinguish thyroid gland swellings from other midline swellings

A

because it’s attached to cricoid cartilage by ligament of berry, during deglutition it moves, whereas other swellings don’t

30
Q

Differentiate endemic from toxic goiter

A

Endemic goiter

  • caused by iodine defiency = low levels of thyroid hormone to inhibit anterior pituitary TSH secretion = hypertrophy of thyroid follicles
  • symptoms include fatigue, hoarse voice, muscle weakness, weight gain

Toxic goiter

  • caused by excess secretion of T3 and T4 = too much thyroid hormone
  • symptoms include hoarse voice, tetany, tachycardia, dyspnoea,

Anatomy Head and Neck PHM (14 decks)

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