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Anatomy Head and Neck PHM > Nose > Flashcards

Nose Flashcards

1
Q

Distinguish olfactory from respiratory epithelium.

A

Olfactory epithelium is thicker and lighter in color

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2
Q

Describe walls of nasal cavity.

A

Roof

  • frontonasal part of frontal bone
  • cribriform plate of ethmoid
  • sphenoidal part; body of sphenoid

Floor

  • maxilla palatine process (anteriorly)
  • palatine horizontal plate

Medial wall

  • vomer
  • ethmoid perpendicular plate
  • septal cartilage

Lateral wall (9 structures)

  1. major alar cartilages
  2. nasal cartilage
  3. nasal bones
  4. maxilla
  5. lacrimal bone
  6. inferior nasal conchae
  7. ethmoid’s superior and middle conchae
  8. Medial pterygoid of sphenoid
  9. Palatine perpendicular plate
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3
Q

Structure marking boundary between nasal cavity and vestibule.

A

Limen nasi

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4
Q

Name the structures into which the openings of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity open into.

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess –> sphenoidal sinus

Superior meatus –> Posterior ethmoidal air cells

Middle meatus –> Middle ethmoidal air cells (via Bulla ethmoidalis)
–> Anterior ethmoidal air cells, Maxillary sinus, Frontal sinus (via Hiatus Semilunaris)

Inferior meatus –> nasolacrimal duct

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5
Q

List arteries supplying nasal septum

A

(Internal carotid –> Opthalmic artery –>) Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal arteries

(External carotid artery –> Facial artery –> ) Superior labial artery

(External carotid artery –> Maxillary artery –> )1. Sphenopalatine artery 2. Greater palatine artery

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6
Q

Veins of the nasal cavity drain into

A
  1. Pterygoid plexus
  2. Facial Vein
  3. Opthalmic vein
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7
Q

Little’s Area and Kisselbach’s plexus

A

This area if found on nasal septum anteroinferiorly
Location of Kisselbach’s plexus and common site of epistaxis.
Kisselbach’s plexus formed by anastomosis between ethmoidal arteries, sphenopalatine artery, greater palatine artery, and superior labial artery

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8
Q

What is Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring?

A

Made of lymphoid tissue with tonsils arranged in a ring-like structure

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9
Q

The largest tonsil of waldeyer’s ring is

A

Lingual tonsil

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10
Q

Location of palatine tonsils

A

lateral wall of oropharynx in the tonsillar fossa/sinus

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11
Q

Boundaries of tonsillar sinus

A

Anterior: pataloglossal fold
Posterior: palatopharyngeal fold
Superior: where palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds meet
Lateral: Lateral wall of oropharynx
Inferior: Dorsal surface of posterior 1/3rd of tongue

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12
Q

Features and relations of palatine tonsil

A

Features; it has medial and lateral surfaces, anterior and posterior borders, upper and lower poles
Medial surface has 15-20 crypts and the largest (Crypta magna) is a remnant of 2nd pharyngeal pouch

Relations
1. Superior: soft palate
2. Inferior: dorsal 1/3rd of tongue 
3. Anterior: palatoglossal fold 
4. Posterior: palatopharyngeal fold 
Medial surface is free 
5: Lateral: Oropharynx wall/Tonsillar bed
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13
Q

Type of epithelium lining medial surface of palatine tonsil

A

stratified squamous non-keratinized

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14
Q

Structures related to tonsillar bed from medial to lateral

A
  • MNEMONIC: Cooking Pizza Past Six After Bathing Sounds Sweet.
    1. Capsule formed by condensation of pharyngobasillar fascia
    2. Peritonsillar space with Peritonsillar vein
    3. Pharyngobasillar fascia
    4. Superior constrictor
    5. Artery (loop of facial artery)
    6. Buccopharyngeal fascia
    7. Stylopharyngeus and Styloglossus
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15
Q

Enumerate blood supply of palatine tonsil

A

All come from external carotid artery
1. Facial branch –> Ascending Palatine artery and Tonsillar Artery

  1. Lingual branch –> Dorsal lingual artery
  2. Maxillary branch –> Greater palatine branch
  3. Ascending pharyngeal –> Descending palatine branch
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16
Q

Tonsillar vein drains into

A

common facial vein

17
Q

Explain path of paratonsillar vein

A

Descends on lateral wall of oropharynx, pierces the superior constrictor to drain into pharyngeal plexus

18
Q

Main lymph nodes of palatine tonsils

A

Jugulo-digastric/Tonsillar nodes

19
Q

Adenoid

A

enlargment of pharyngeal tonsils
can block nasopharynx and auditory tube leading to breathing, phonation, and hearing difficulties respectively.
Patient breathes with mouth

20
Q

Quincy refers to

A

accumulation of pus in peritonsillar space

21
Q

Causes of severe hemorrhage and loss of general sensation in posterior 1/3rd of tongue after Tonsillectomy

A

Hemorrhage is due to the peritonsillar vein and tonsillar branch of facial artery (which is the main supplier to palatine tonsil)

loss of general sensation can be due to injury of glossopharyngeal nerve

22
Q

Functions of paranasal sinuses.

A

Contribute to facial growth
Give voice resonance
Make skull lighter
Make air warm and moist

23
Q

The paranasal sinus usually absent at birth

A

Frontal sinus

24
Q

The first paranasal sinus to develop

A

Maxillary sinus

25
Q

The most commonly infected paranasal sinus

A

Maxillary sinus

26
Q

Relations of frontal air sinus

A

Anterior: superciliary arches
Postero-superior: Brain anterior lobe
Inferior: Root of nose and roof of orbit’s medial aspect

27
Q

Time at which frontal air sinuses begin developing

A

2 years of age

28
Q

Relations of ethmoidal sinus

A

Superiorly: optic chiasma and pituitary gland
Inferiorly: superior wall of nasopharynx
Posterior: pons
Anterior: sphenoethoidal recess
Lateral: cavernous sinus & internal carotid artery

29
Q

Location of sphenoidal sinus

A

body of sphenoid, superior and posterior to nasal cavities

30
Q

The largest paranasal sinuses

A

Maxillary sinus

31
Q

Capacity of maxillary sinus

A

15 ml

32
Q

Boundaries of maxillary sinus

A

Superior: floor of orbit
Inferior/Floor: maxilla alveolar and palatine processes
Anterior: Maxilla
Medial/Base: Nasal surface of maxilla body
Posterior: infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa

33
Q

The antrum of Highmore refers to

A

Maxillary sinus

34
Q

Relations of maxillary sinus

A

Superior: orbit
Inferior: oral cavity
Posterior: pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossa
Medial: Nasal cavity

35
Q

2 ways in which maxillary sinus can be drained

A

Antral puncture; insert canula into inferior meatus and make a hole in the medial wall of the maxillary sinus to facilitate drainage

Caldwell luc operation; sinus approached from anterior wall of canine fossa, hole made behind the canine at the gum base

36
Q

Functional Endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)

A

the ostium is made larger for drainage facilitation

Anatomy Head and Neck PHM (14 decks)

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