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Anatomy Head and Neck PHM > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Why is a rash seen on the concha of the ear when the ganglion of facial nerve is affected by Herpes Zoster infection?

A

Some fibers of the facial nerve travel with the auricular branch of the vagus nerve as it goes to supply sensation to concha

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2
Q

Enumerate cutaneous innervation of auricle.

A

Lateral surface
(upper 2/3rd –> Auriculotemporal nerve)
(concha –> Auricular branch of vagus nerve )
(lower 1/3rd/ear lobule –> Great auricular nerve

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3
Q

Nerve roots of great auricular nerve

A

C2 - C3 ventral rami

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4
Q

type of cartilage of the external acoustic meatus

A

elastic cartilage

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5
Q

Boundaries of external auditory meatus

A

tympanic plate forms anterior, inferior, and posteroinferior boundaries

Squamous part of temporal bone forms its posterosuperior boundary

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6
Q

Glands that secrete ear wax

A

Ceruminous glands

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7
Q

Location of constrictions of External auditory meatus

A

One is found at junction between its bony and cartilaginous parts

The other gives EAM its narrowest point and is found 6 mm lateral to tympanic membrane

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8
Q

External auditory meatus sensory innervation

A

Anterior wall and superior wall innervated by auriculotemporal nerve

Posterior wall and floor innervated by auricular branch of vagus

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9
Q

Effects of syringing external auditory meatus to remove ear wax

A

Stimulates auricular branch of vagus nerve = cough reflex, vomiting, and cardiac arrest

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10
Q

Clinical relevance of cymba conchae’s relation to suprameatal triangle

A

It lies at the level of suprameatal triangle so used as a landmark to make a hole to drain pus in mastoid antrum.
In adults, the hole is made to be 12 mm long, while in infants it’s made to be 2 mm long.

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11
Q

Boundaries of suprameatal triangle

A

Superior: posterior root of zygomatic arch
Anterior: posterior border of external acoustic meatus
Posterior: line joining the two

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12
Q

Angle tympanic membrane lies in relation to floor of EAM

A

55 degrees

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13
Q

Anatomical parts of tympanic membrane as seen on medial surface

A

Upper Pars Flaccida (lacks fibrous tissue, bounded by anteiror and posterior malleolar folds which are folds of the superior aspect of tympanic membrane)

Lower Pars Tensa (has fibrous tissue, the umbo, and its margins thicken to form annulus tympanicus)

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14
Q

True or false: The tympanic cavity resembles a biconvex disc

A

False: It resembles a biconcave disc

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15
Q

Contents of tympanic cavity

A
  1. Air
  2. Posterior auricular artery (from external carotid) and Anterior tympanic artery (from maxillary artery )
  3. chorda tympani nerve and tympanic plexus
  4. Tensor tympani and Stapedius
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16
Q

Lymphatic drainage of tympanic cavity

A

Parotid nodes

Upper deep cervical nodes

17
Q

Tympanic plexus formed by

A
  1. inferior caroticotympanic nerve
  2. superior caroticotympanic nerve
    ( both from sympathetic plexus around internal carotid artery)
  3. Glossopharyngeal nerve tympanic branch
18
Q

Arterial supply of middle ear cavity

A
  1. From external carotid
    - Occipital
    - Ascending pharyngeal
  2. From internal carotid –> Caroticotympanic artery
  3. From Maxillary artery
    - Middle meningeal artery
    - Anterior tympanic
    - Deep auricular
19
Q

Complications of Suppurative Otitis Media

A

This is infection of middle ear that usually occurs through auditory tube
1. Labyrinthitis: medial wall is eroded affected semicircular canals; leads to vertigo and vomiting

  1. Meningitis: infection spreads to roof (tegmen tympani) and brain in danger of being affected
  2. Mastoiditis: infection spreads to mastoid air cells via aditus to mastoid antrum
  3. Sigmoid sinus thrombosis; when infection spreads to floor (jugular wall) of tympanic cavity, can cause thrombosis of internal jugular vein
  4. Facial palsy: when infection erodes wall of facial canal on posterior and medial wall
20
Q

Internal ear is found in which bone?

A

Petrous part temporal bone

21
Q

Describe features on lateral wall of vestibule

A

Has the oval window covered by annular ligament and foot of stapes

22
Q

Enumerate features on medial wall of vestibule

A

Posterosuperiorly:

  1. Utricle
  2. Fenestrations for upper division of vestibular nerve

Anteroinferiorly

  1. Saccule
  2. Fenestrations for lower division of vestibular nerve
23
Q

The modiolus via its spiral laminae divides the cochlear canal into

A

Upper Scala vestibuli

Lower Scala tympani

24
Q

Membranes extending from the spiral lamina of modiulus

A

Vestibular membrane superiorly

Basilar membrane inferiorly

25
Q

Cochlear duct/Scala media boundaries

A

Triangular shape
Inferior: spiral lamina with basilar membrane lining its inferior aspect
Superiorly: vestibular membrane
Laterally: bony wall of cochlea

26
Q

Scala tympani and scala vestibuli communicate through?

A

Helicotrema

27
Q

Scala tympani and scala vestibuli open into?

A

Scala tympani leads to the small round window

Scala vestibuli leads to vestibule

28
Q

How many openings from the semicircular canals into the vestibule?

A
  1. NOT 6 because posterior end of anterior semicircular canal joins with upper end of posterior semicircular canal to form crus communae
29
Q

Function of receptors in utricle and saccule versus in ampullae.

A

Receptors of utricle and saccule (maculae) detect LINEAR acceleration

Receptors of ampullae detect ROTATIONAL acceleration

30
Q

Describe the membranous labyrinth

A

Contains cochlear canal which has organ of corti
Has utricle and saccule with maculae for detecting linear acceleration
Has ampullae crest for detecting rotational acceleration
Filled with endolymph

31
Q

Venous drainage of internal ear is to the

A

superior petrosal sinus

32
Q

Auditory tube connects which two cavities

A

Nasopharynx and middle ear

33
Q

Orientation of pharyngotympanic tube

A

directed downward, foward, medially

34
Q

Describe the anterior 2/3rds and posterior 1/3rd of eustachian tube

A

Posterior 1/3rd - lies in petrous temporal bone, is bony

Anterior 2/3rd - lies in sulcus tubae (between temporal bone and greater wing of sphenoid), is cartilaginous

Anatomy Head and Neck PHM (14 decks)

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