triads and symp combos/mnemonics Flashcards
virchows triad
stasis of flow, wall damage, hypercoagulable state
cushings reflex
erratic breathing, bradycardia, hypertension
farty hearty
ECG showing hyperkalaemia
tall tented t waves, wide qrs complex, flattened p wave, PR elongation
3 med approaches for anaphylaxis
IM adrenaline 0.5mg
Antihistamine 10mg
IV hydrocortisone 100mg
4 As for secondary prevention of atherosclerosis
atorvastatin
aspirin
atenolol
ace inhibitor
2 qualities to induce anaesthesia
lipid-soluble (cross BB barrier)
Low affinity for protein (binding to albumin, lowers free concentration of drug)
3 constituents of circle of willis
attached by what
anterior cerebral arteries
internal carotid arteries
posterior cerebral arteries
attached by: anterior and posterior communicating
language centres’ trios: name, function, location
bad = brocca’s
mother = motor
f*cker = frontal
(non fluent)
want = wernicke’s
to = temporal
shit = sensory
(fluent)
median, ulnar, common peroneal, radial nerve root levels on spine
radial = C5 - T1
median = C6 - T1
ulnar = C8 - T1
common peroneal = L4 - S2
4 stages of epileptic seizure
prodrome
aura
ictal
post ictal
migraine triggers mnemonic
Cheese deHydrated Oral contraceptive pill Caffeine On the bevs Lack of sleep Anxiety/stress Travel Exercise
presentation of migraine mnemonic
Pulsating Onset 4-72hrs Unilateral Nausea Disabling
triangle of safety for large bore cannula
anterior axilliary, mid axilliary, 5th intercostal space
lofgren’s syndrome triad
erythema nodosum
polyarthralgia (multiple joint pain)
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
(sarcoidosis)
Chest X-ray findings in AHF
A: alveolar oedema B: Kerley B lines C: cardiomegaly D: dilated upper lobe vessels E: effusion (pleural effusion)
5 types of atypical pneumonia
legionella pneumophilia - holiday, hyponatraemia mycoplasma pneumoniae - target lesions Chlamydophila pneumoniae - school age coxiella burnetti - Q fever chlamidya psittaci - birds
3 key clinical sounds of pneumonia
bronchial breath sounds
focal coarse crackles (thick sputum)
dullness to percussion
4 types of pneumonitis ( ____’s lung)
bird-fanciers lung (bird droppings)
farmer’s lung (hay spores)
mushroom worker’s lung (mushroom antigens)
malt worker’s lung (mould on barley)
MAN Child mnemonic for drug-induced interstitial lung disease
Methotrexate
Amiodarone
Nitrofurantoin
Cyclophosphamide
Real ASS mnemonic for secondary causes of interstitial lung disease
RA
Alpha 1 antitrypsin def
Systemic sclerosis
SLE
4 TB drugs and their side effects
isoniazid - numb, peripheral neuropathy
rifampicin - red/orange pissing, secretions
pyrazinamide - gout risk
ethambutol - eye, reduced visual acuity and colour blindness
top 3 all hepatotoxic
name for spinal pain in TB
pott’s disease of spine
presentation of chronic bronchitis
blue bloater
- chronic airway inflam
- less o2 reaches blood = cyanosis
- overweight and peripheral oedema
- wheeze
presentation of emphysema
pink puffer
- older
- thin
- severe dyspnoea
- quiet chest
resp distress signs
incr resp rate use of accessory muscles intercost and subcost recessions nasal flairing head bobbing cyanosis tracheal tugging abnormal airway noises (capill blood gas monitor)
atrial fib ECG
irregularly irregular
absent P-waves
1st degree HB
P-R >200ms
2nd degree HB type 1
progressive P-R elongation until QRS drops off
2nd degree HB type 2
intermittently dropped QRS (3:1, 4:1)
3rd degree HB
no electrical communication between ventricles and atria = p waves and qrs have no relationship
ST depression
myocardial ischaemia
ST elevation
STEMI
delta wave, Short PR interval, Wide QRS complex
wolff-parkinson white - bundle of kent
q waves
previous MI
tall QRS
ventricular hypertrophy
biphasic t waves
ischaemia, hypokalaemia
LUTS
straining dysuria frequency hesitancy nocturia dribbling haematuria incontinence fever & rigors nausea and vom