gp bits Flashcards

1
Q

wheeze - continuous coarse whistling sound in airways indicates

A

asthma copd bronchiectasis

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2
Q

coarse crackles in lungs indicates

A

pneumonia bronchiectasis pul oedema

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3
Q

find end inspiratory crackles indicates

A

pul fibrosis

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4
Q

stridor indicates

A

foreign body inhalation

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5
Q

drug that can cause a cough

A

ACE-i

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6
Q

ssri??

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhib
citalopram, dapoxetine
fluoxetine
long half life so safer to suddenly stop

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7
Q

tcas??

A
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
amitriptyline, nortriptyline
no longer first choice as dangerous in overdose and have bad side effects
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8
Q

snri?

A

Serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

duloxetine, venlafaxine

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9
Q

NASSAs???

A

Noradrenaline and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NASSAs)
thought to cause fewer sexual problems
mirtazapine

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10
Q

antibodies RF for T1DM

A

islet cell antibodies, antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-65), insulin autoantibodies, and IA-2A, to protein tyrosine phosphatase

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11
Q

diabetes assoc conditions in women

A

polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational diabetes

gave birth to high weight baby

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12
Q

metformin method of action

A

inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Decrease blood glucose.

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13
Q

comps of diabetes

A
neuropathy - toes fingers
cardiovasc disease - stroke, HA, angina, atherosclerosis
nephropathy
retinopathy
foot damage
bacterial/fungal infections of skin
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14
Q

annual diabetes check

A

foot exam- for loss of sensation, ulcers, infections
eye exam - fundoscopy
BP and signs of kidney disease

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15
Q

increase/decrease risk of RA in women

A

women more likely to have it
Women who have never given birth may be at greater risk of
developing RA
Women who have breastfed their infants have a decreased risk of developing
RA

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16
Q

what is RA basic

A

inflammation of the synovial

joints, periarticular tissue destruction

17
Q

management of rheumatoid arthritis including medication,

surgery, physical therapy, mental health support

A
DMARD - methotrexate
JAK inhib
adalimumab, steroids, NSAIDs,
physiotherapy
occupational therapy
surgery- carpal tunnel release, release tendons in fingers to treat abnormal bending
removed inflamed tissue
joint replacement
18
Q

LUTS presenting complaint

A

 Dysuria: typically associated with urinary tract infection (UTI), including sexually transmitted
infections (e.g. chlamydia, gonorrhoea).
 Urinary frequency: commonly associated with UTIs.
 Urinary urgency: may be associated with UTIs or detrusor instability.
 Nocturia: associated with UTIs and prostate enlargement (e.g. benign prostatic hyperplasia).
 Haematuria: associated with UTIs, trauma (e.g. catheter insertion) and renal tract cancers
(e.g. bladder cancer, renal cancer).
 Urinary hesitancy, terminal dribbling and poor urinary stream: associated with enlargement
of the prostate (e.g. prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia).
 Urinary incontinence: associated with a wide range of pathology including UTIs, detrusor
instability and spinal cord compression (e.g. cauda equina syndrome).
 Fevers and rigors: typically associated with pyelonephritis.
 Nausea and vomiting: typically associated with pyelonephritis.
 Weight loss: associated with malignancy and uraemia.
 Uraemic symptoms: nausea, vomiting, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, muscle cramps, pruritis
and confusion.

19
Q

autoimmune conditions that may predispose patient to renal disease

A

SLE, scleroderma

20
Q

nephrotoxic meds

A

NSAIDs (eg. ibuprofen. naproxen.) ACE inhibitors (eg. Benazepril, lisinopril) and angiotensin
II receptor blockers. (eg. Azilsartan)

21
Q

tests for LUTS

A

MSU (presence of microorganisms, haematuria, proteinuria - infection or AKI?), urinalysis (microscopic or dip test. Looks at contents of urine. is it red for blood? Foam can be a sign of kidney disease, while cloudy urine may mean you have an
infection. crystals -clumps of minerals, a possible sign of kidney stones), relevant blood tests, PSA

22
Q

why ‘midstream’ urine test?

A

reduces the risk of the sample being contaminated with bacteria from: your hands. the skin around the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body

23
Q

what can a dipstick test look for

A
acidity - ph
protein
glucose
wbc
nitrites
bilirubin
24
Q

lifestyle changes to reduce/manage BPH

A

less fizzy drinks less alcohol less caffeine
reduce fluids in evening
double voiding
eat more fibre - prevent constip putting pressure on bladder
absorbent pads
bladder training

25
Q

drugs for BPH

A

Alpha blockers relax the muscle in your prostate gland (tamsulosin)
Anticholinergics relax the bladder muscle if it’s overactive (oxybutynin)
5-alpha reductase inhibitors shrink the prostate gland if it’s
enlarged (finasteride)
diuretics in day, desmopressins at night

26
Q

BHP rf

A

diabetes age obesity diet high in sat fat

27
Q

common diarrhoea in diff ages

A

children - rotavirus

adult - norovirus

28
Q

define functional symptom

A

Functional symptoms are physical symptoms without an obvious physical cause

29
Q

manage IBS

A
food diary to identify trigger
relax - reduce stress
exercise
probiotics
homemade meals with fresh ingred
low FODMAP diet eg avoid of:fruit and vegetables, milk, wheat products.
amitriptyline citalopram
CBT