random associated disorders and meds to memorise Flashcards
ulcerative colitis - assoc condition and 1st line med
primary sclerosing cholangitis
5-aminosalicylate eg. mesalazine !
enema or suppositories if very distal
high ICP treat
iv mannitol - extra and subdural haemorrhages
craniectomy clot evacuation
myasthenia gravis assoc condition
thymoma
subarachnoid haemorrhage assoc condition
polycystic kidneys
ruptured berry aneurysm
sickle cell
symptoms of meningitis but no fever
treat migraine
sumatriptan
drug that causes anaphylaxis
flucloxacillin
guillian barre syndrome has huge risk of? avoid by?
PE - so give LMWH
papilledema assoc with…
increased ICP
frontal seizure
jacksonian march, post ictal todds paralysis
temporal seizure
lipsmacking, chewing, fiddling
primary pulmonary HPN med
IV Prostanoids (expand blood vessels)
CF common infection and prophylactic treatment?
pneumonia =
pseudomonas
staph aureus
treat - flucloxacillin
virus that causes bronchiolitis
respiratory syncytial virus
diabetes MI
no chest pain but other symptoms eg. nausea, sweating, SOB
meds for depression
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (least SA) - citalopram
tricyclic antidepressants (most SA) block reuptake of serotonin AND norepinephrine
serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhib (middle SA)
CBT
IPT
which contraception when post preg?
lactational amenorrhea method
implant (iud, ius) within 48hrs or 4 weeks later
progest only pill
if not breastfeed = combined pill, vaginal ring, contracep patch (risk of blood clots, contain oestrogen which is bad when breastfeeding)
side effects of opioids
sleep apnoea, addiction, nausea/vom, constipation, sedation, ineffective ventilation
coeliacs assoc
Type 1 Diabetes Thyroid disease Autoimmune hepatitis Primary biliary cirrhosis Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia treatment
Ibrutinib, rituximab
chronic myeloid leukaemia treatment
Imatinib
hemolytic anemia G6PD-deficiency can develop following…
eating fava beans
combination treatment for hodgkins lymphoma
ABVD chemo
combination treatment for non- hodgkins lymphoma
CHOP chemo
TIA treat to prevent stroke
2 weeks of 300mg aspirin
then 75mg clopidogrel daily
treat subarachnoid haemorrhage
nimodipine for 3 weeks
what to take with TB drugs to prevent peripheral neuropathy
pyridoxine (vit B6)
FBC RA results
normochromic normocytic anaemia
pain management for RA
NSAIDs, COX inhib, corticosteroids
gold standard for RA (se and taken with?) also used for PA
DMARDs - disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
gold = methotrexate
taken with folic acid on diff day
SE- pul fibrosis, teratogenic (abnormal foetal development)
biological therapies for RA and PA
anti-tnf: adalimunab, infliximab
anti-CD20 - rituximab
acute attack of gout meds
1- nsaids
2- colchicine
3- coticosteroids
prophylaxis for gout
allopurinol - xanthine oxidase inhibitor (start 1 month after acute attack)
xray appearance diagnostic for pseudogout
Chondrocalcinosis
treat osteoporosis (se and function)
Bisphosphonates - alendronic acid
Decrease osteoclast activity
Side effects = reflux and oesophageal erosions
xray appearance of ankylosing spondylitis
bamboo spine
xray appearance for psoriatic arthritis
erosive changes = pencil in cup deformity
empirical treatment for septic arthritis
IV flucloxacillin + Rifampicin
SLE assoc conditions
Antiphospholipid syndrome (causes increased risk of clots)
Reynaud’s phenomenon
Recurrent miscarriages
Coagulation defects
first line med SLE
Hydroxychloroquine
bone cancer name, age, bone for xray showing onion skin appearance
ewings sarcoma
<30
pelvis/femur
bone cancer name, age for xray showing skull/spine tumour
Chordoma
>50
bone cancer name, age, bone for xray showing sunray spiculations
osteosarcoma
10-25
knee
bone cancer name, age, bone for xray showing popcorn calcifications
chondrosarcoma
>50
pelvis
copper chelation meds
penicillamine
trientine
A1AD assoc conditions
bronchiectasis
emphysema
liver cirrhosis
acute MS treatment
methylprednisolone
treatment for MND
Antiglutametergic drugs eg riluzole
treament for longterm MS
DMARDS eg. beta interferon
treat spasticity
baclofen
treat chorea in huntingtons
benzodiazepines
treat parkinsons
Co-careldopa/levodopa
treat giant cell arteritis
IV prednisolone immediately to prevent sight loss
giant cell arteritis assoc condition
polymyalgia rheumatica
osteoporosis prophylaxis
bisphosphonates
gastric ulcer protection
PPI - omeprazole
treat trigeminal neuralgia
carbamazepine (not analgesics !!)
treat cluster headache and prevention?
100% o2, SC sumitriptan
prevent - verapamil (Ca2+ channel blocker)
treat migraine and prevent?
sumaptriptan
prevent with beta blocker eg. propranolol
treat epileptic fit after 3 min seizure
IV diazepam
IV phenytoin if still fitting after
primary generalised anti-epileptic
sodium valproate
partial seizure anti-epileptic
carbamazepine
status epilepticus treat
2 doses of a benzodiazepine eg lorazepam. Then anti-epileptic drugs eg IV valproate
main cause of temporal lobe epilepsy
hippocampal sclerosis
1st line immediate management for stroke
if CI or after time frame?
thrombolysis given within 4.5hrs of onset
if not then thrombectomy
MND overlaps with which condition
frontotemporal dementia
what makes MND diff from MS and MG
no sensory loss
no affected eye movements
raised ICP may lead to…
coning so LP contraindicated
treat viral meningitis or encephalitis
aciclovir
treat bacterial meningitis
In community – urgent injection of benzylpenicillin + transfer to hospital
In hospital – treat empirically immediately - IV ceftriaxone
test for carpal tunnel
phalens test
treat meningitis
IV cefotaxime
drug given to close contacts of meningitis
oral ciprofloxacin
induce remission in crohns
maintain remission crohns
prednisolone
+ DMARDS eg. azathoprine
azathioprine
2nd methotrexate
treat diarrhoea in IBS
loperamide
1st, 2nd line treat GORD
omeprazole
H2 receptor antagonist eg. ranitidine
treat barrets oesophagus
PPI
Endoscopic ablation with photodynamic therapy, laser therapy or cryotherapy
Surgical resection
causes of peptic ulcers
nsaids, helicobacter pylori, increased acid production as a result of caffeine, alcohol, spicy food
triple therapy for H.pylori
omeprazole
amoxicillin
clarithromycin
3 tests for h.pylori
urea breath test
stool antigen test
rapid urease test
treat diverticulitis
iv co-amoxiclav
cause of small bowel obstructions
adhesions, hernias
cause of large bowel obstruction
malignancy, volvulus, intussusception
treat anal fistula
Surgical : fistulotomy & excision
Drain abscess + Abx if infection
treat anal fissure
Lifestyle : increased fibre and fluids
Simple analgesia
GTN (glyceryl trinitrate) ointment if symptoms don’t improve
treat haemorrhoids
1st line -> Topical creams
2nd line -> rubber band ligation
3rd line = haemorrhoidectomy
UC 2nd line and 3rd line if severe
oral prednisolone
IV fluids, IV steroids eg. hydrocortisone
rescue therapy - ciclosporin
colectomy last resort
1st and 2nd crohns treat
prednisolone
azathioprine immunosuppressant or methotrexate
achalasia on xray and CT
xray - bird beak pattern
CT (gold) - widened mediastinum with fluid
2 drugs that cause postural hypotension
tamsulosin (bph)
furosemide (hpn) - loops diuretic so avoided in CKD
first and gold investigation for renal stones
NCCT-KUB (high sens and spec) gold
1st KUB xray not as sens, cannot view pure uric acid stones as radiolucent
urti 1-2 days prior + puffy, lack of urination, protein and blood in urine
IgA nephropathy
urti 1-2 weeks prior + puffy, lack of urination, protein and blood in urine
Post strep glomerulonephritis
common childhood malignancy presenting with abdominal mass
Wilms’ nephroblastoma
cancer assoc with schistosomiasis
squamous cell carcinoma of bladder
most common type of bladder cancer
urothelial carcinoma
test for chalmid or gonorrhoea
nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT testing), charcoal swab (gon)
usual antib for epididymo-orchitis
Ofloxacin (usually first-line) for 14 days
med for chlamydia
doxycycline, CI in pregnancy so use Azithromycin, Erythromycin or Amoxicillin
most common cause pyelonephritis and 1st medication
e.coli
cefalexin
(coamoxiclav)
most common type of testicular cancer and serum sign
germ cell tumour
elevated alpha fetoprotein, excess HCG/oestrogen, gynaecomastia
surgery for BPH
transurethral resection of prostate
transurethral incision of the prostate
alternative UTI treatment during pregnancy
severe med?
Pivmecillinam
Amoxicillin
Cefalexin
severe: IV gentamicin
angina treat - symptomatic relief and antianginal meds
GTN spray
- beta blocker (bisoprolol) or rate limiting CCB (verapamil)
angina treat for risk factors
aspirin
statin - simvastatin (high dose in unstable - atorvastatin)
ACE-I
angina intervention (2)
percutaneous coronary intervention
(PCI)
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
drugs to reduce cardiovascular events (eg. in angina)
Antiplatelet agents: Aspirin and Clopidogrel
Anti-coagulants: LMWH
STEMI treatment with 12hrs nset
- 300mg aspirin
- PCI if possible within first 2hrs of onset + GPIIb/IIIa (e.g. tirofiban) with heparin
- If not then give thrombolysis/fibrinolysis (alteplase)
NSTEMI treat
- 300mg aspirin
- based on risk:
- low = ticagrelor
- high = PCI
symptomatic treatment for acute cardiac failure
loop diuretics - furosemide
disease-altering treatment for cardiac failure
1st - ACE-I (lisinopril) and beta blocker (bisoprolol)
2nd - aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone, eplerenone when long term)
3rd - ivabradine
management of chronic cardiac failure
ACE-I (ramipril)
Atenolol (beta blocker)
Amlodipine (ccb)
Aldosterone antagonist (diuretic)
most common cause of cor pulmonale
COPD
others: PE, ILD, CF, PPH
