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MicroBio - Parasitology > Trematodes - Cal > Flashcards

Trematodes - Cal Flashcards

1
Q

Trematodes AKA?

A

Flukes

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2
Q

Two types of suckers on a trematode?

A

Oral sucker (mouth)

Ventral sucker (acetabulum - “hold-fast” organ)

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3
Q

Most flukes/trematodes are mono or dioecious?

A

Monoecious

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4
Q

Trematodes usually have two intermediate hosts, which class only has one intermediate host?

A

Schistosomes

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5
Q

Most trematode ova are operculated. Which class is non-operculated?

A

Schistosomes

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6
Q

The larval stage of ALL trematodes?

A

Miracidium

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7
Q

Where does miracidium hatch? What’s a feature of miracidium?

A

Hatch in water

Miracidium are ciliated

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8
Q

Trematode larval stage that completes development in the snail?

A

Cercaria

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9
Q

Cercaria characteristics?

A

larval stage that completes development in the snail

free swimming

Infective form to man (for dioecious/schistosomes)

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10
Q

Encysted cercaria?

A

METAcercaria

Infective form

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11
Q

Lung fluke?

A

Paragonimus westermani

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12
Q

TB-like ssx

Fibrosis

Extrapulmonary abscesses

A

Paragonimus westermani

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13
Q

Paragonimus westermani found?

A

Asia, N/S America, Africa, India

SOOOO not Europe/Antarctica/Austrlia

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14
Q

How would one go about acquiring the lung fluke? (Paragonimus westermani)

A

Humans INGEST inadequately cooked/pickled crustaceans containing METACERCARIAE

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15
Q

Paragonimus westermani has two intermediate hosts, which are?

A

Snail -> Crab/crawfish

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16
Q

Two methods of specimen ID for Paragonimus westermani… Which is preferred?

A

Sputum preferre (lung fluke, right?)

Feces is also an option

EGGS

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17
Q

Paragonimus westermani egg is oval with what notable feature?

A

Operculum

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18
Q

Sheep liver fluke?

A

Fasciola hepatica

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19
Q

Fasciola hepatica mode of infection?

A

ingestion of metacercariae

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20
Q

Fasciola hepatica diagnosis?

A

UNembryonated eggs passed in feces

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21
Q

Fasciola hepatica hosts?

A

Snail -> fresh water vegetation

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22
Q

Specimen of choice for Fasciola hepatica?

A

eggs

Operculum present, but indistinct

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23
Q

Infected waterplants (watercress?), what you got?

A

Fasciola hepatica

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24
Q

Fasciola hepatica distribution?

A

Worldwide

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25
Q

Adults of Fasciola hepatica likely found where in humans?

A

Bile ducts/liver tissue

26
Q

Giant intestinal fluke?

A

Fasciolopsis buski

27
Q

Biting through the husks of water chestnuts?

A

Fasciolopsis buski

28
Q

Fasciolopsis buski ingested in what form?

A

METAcercariae on WATER plants

similar mode to fasciola hepatica…

29
Q

Fasciolopsis buski: snail -> aquatic vegetation.. what’s the other trematode with a similar route?

A

Fasciola hepatica

30
Q

Fasciolopsis buski: feces is specimen of choice… Their eggs look a lot like?

A

Fasciola hepatica

31
Q

Fasciolopsis buski found mostly where?

A

SE Asia, India, China

32
Q

Fasciolopsis buski ssx?

A

As adults in the small intestine, causes diarrhea/blockage of bile duct and intestine

33
Q

Chinese liver fluke?

A

Clonorchis sinensis

34
Q

Cirrhosis/blockage of bile passages?

Cholangitis/pancreatitis… linked to cancer?

A

Clonorchis sinensis

35
Q

Clonorchis sinensis found where?

A

SE Asia, Poland/Russia, Japan, China

36
Q

Clonorchis sinensis… can become infected how?

A

Ingestion of fresh water fish containing metacercariae

37
Q

Clonorchis sinensis habitat? Intermediate host? Reservoir host?

A

Bile passages of liver

freshwater snail -> freshwater fish (carp, minnows, etc.)

Fish -> piscivores

38
Q

Clonorchis sinensis specimen of choice?

A

Feces

BOXER’S GLOVE APPEARANCE

39
Q

Schistosomiasis AKA?

A

Bilharzia

Snail Fever

40
Q

Schistosoma species AKA?

A

blood flukes

41
Q

Schistosoma spp… can penetrate in what form?

42
Q

Snail releases what form of schistosoma?

A

Free-swimming cercaria that can then penetrate host skin

43
Q

Two species of schistosoma’s specimen of choice is feces?

A

Schistosoma japonicum

Schistosoma mansoni

44
Q

Schistosoma requiring a urine specimen?

A

Schistosoma haematobium

45
Q

Schistosoma have no operculum but often contain another notable feature on their egg?

A

Spine

S. Japonicum spine is lateral/inconspicuous

Spine in s. mansoni is offset

S. haematobium have spine on one end of egg

46
Q

Most pathogenic schistosome?

A

S. Japonicum

AKA Oriental blood fluke

47
Q

S. Japonicum distribution? Habitat?

A

Far east (duh)

Venules of small intestine

48
Q

S. Japonicum intermediate host? reservoir host?

A

Fresh water snail

Mammals (cattle, pigs) exposed to contaminated water

49
Q

Vesical blood fluke?

A

S. haematobium

50
Q

S. haematobium geography?

Pathogenesis?

A

Africa, ME

Urogenital tract involvement (hematuria, cancer, obstruction)

51
Q

Conspicuous terminal spine?

A

S. haematobium

52
Q

Manson’s blood fluke?

A

Schistosoma mansoni

53
Q

Geographic distribution: South and Central America, Cuba, Africa

A

Schistosoma mansoni

54
Q

Abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, bloody stools

Hepatosplenomegaly, hepatic and intestinal fibrosis, portal hypertension

A

Schistosoma mansoni

55
Q

Schistosoma mansoni reservoir host?

A

Primates, insectivores, wild rodents

56
Q

Conspicuous, lateral spine?

A

Schistosoma mansoni

57
Q

Small intestinal fluke?

A

Metagonimus yokogawai/Heterophyes heterophyes

58
Q

Metagonimus yokogawai/Heterophyes heterophyes found?

A

Far East, Israel, Russia and Spain

59
Q

Metagonimus yokogawai/Heterophyes heterophyes infective stage?

A

ingestion of undercooked fish containing metacercariae

60
Q

Intermediate host
First: Snail
Second: Fish

Reservoir host: Piscivores and birds

A

Metagonimus yokogawai/Heterophyes heterophyes

similar to clonorchis sinensis

61
Q

Metagonimus yokogawai/Heterophyes heterophyes specimen of choice?

A

Ova (similar to clonorchis sinensis)

Too similar too differentiate so clinical diagnosis is necessary

62
Q

Flukes of the small intestine, cause epigastric distress. Little damage unless heavily infected

A

Metagonimus yokogawai/Heterophyes heterophyes

MicroBio - Parasitology (14 decks)

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