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MicroBio - Parasitology > Themes - Cal > Flashcards

Themes - Cal Flashcards

1
Q

Transplacental?

A

TOXOplasmosis gondii

trichomonas can also be passed mother-fetus during birth

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2
Q

Lymphatic filariasis?

A

Wucheria bancrofti

Brugia malayi

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3
Q

Deadliest form of malaria is found where?

A

Plasmodium falciparum… found worldwide but especially WEST sub-saharan Africa

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4
Q

Which malaria is in Sub-Saharan Africa?

A

P. ovale

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5
Q

Which malaria is in S. America / India / SE Asia?

A

P. vivax (most common)

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6
Q

Which malaria si found in SE asia and is still considered a zoonotic malaria?

A

P. knowlesi

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7
Q

Which malaria is in S. America / Asia / Africa?

A

P. malariae ( but less frequent than P. falciparum)

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8
Q

transplacental?

A

Toxoplasma gondii (humans)

Toxocara canis and catie - Visceral Larval Migrans (transplacentally or breast milk via puppies)

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9
Q

ingestion of fish?

A

Diphylobothrium

OR

Clonorchis sinensis

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10
Q

Free living amoeba, potentially affecting the CNS?

A

Naegleria fowleri

OR

Acathamoeba spp (more likely to affect eyes… contact solution)

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11
Q

Active penetration

A

Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)

Ancyclostoma duodenale (Old worm hookworm)

Necator americanus (New world hookworm)

Naegleria fowleri (through nasal passages)

Schistosoma spp (japonicum, haemotobium, mansoni)

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12
Q

Aquatic vegetation?

A

Fasciola buski (giant intestinal fluke)

Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke)

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13
Q

‘gotes?

A

Trypanosoma: metacyclic trypomastigotes –> trypomastigotes

Leishmania: promastigote –> amastigote

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14
Q

When you think Embryonated Egg in Feces think…

If that’s not enough think sheep intermediate hosts and dog definitive host

A

Echinococcus

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15
Q

where do you find hydatid cysts?

How do you diagnose and treat?

What is hydatid sand and what can it cause?

A

Echinococcus

CT/ ultrasound / scanning and treat with SURGICAL RESECTION

hydatid sand are the protoscolices that are liberated from the brood capsules of a hydatid cyst… they can cause ANAPHYLAXIS

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16
Q

‘gotes?

A

Trypanosoma: metacyclic trypomastigoes –> trypomastigotes

Leishmania: promastigote –> amastigote

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17
Q

CSF?

A

Naegleria fowleri

Acathamoeba spp

Trypanosoma brucei

(Toxoplasmosis gondii possible)

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18
Q

Parasites w/ heart habitat?

not necessarily heart ONLY…

A

Trypanosome cruzi

(A. lumbricoides travels THROUGH heart from small intestine to lungs)

Echinococcus MIGHT make its way to the heart

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19
Q

Surgical tx/removal?

A

Taenia solium (cysticerci)

Echinococcus (hydatid cyst)

ALSO

Spirometra (sparganosis)

Dracunculus medinensis

Loa loa

Onchocerca volvulus

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20
Q

Intestinal nematodes?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides (giant intestinal roundworm)

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

Ancyclostoma duodenale (Old world hookworm)

Necator americanus (New world hookworm)

Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)

Trichuris trichuria (whipworm)

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21
Q

Persistent cough?

A

Paragonimus westermani (Sketchy)

Ascaris lumbricoides (from his lecture – not in PP)

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22
Q

Appalachia?

A

S. stercoralis (threadworm)

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23
Q

Football shaped eggs?

A

Trichuris trichuria

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24
Q

Rectal prolapse?

A

Trichuris trichuria

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25
Q

Tissue nematodes?

A

Trichinella spiralis

Dracunculus medinensis

Wucheria bancrofti

Brugia malayi

Loa loa

Onchocerca volvulus

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26
Q

Lots of edema and high eisinophilia?

A

Trichinella spiralis

27
Q

Guinea worm?

A

Dracunculus medinensis

28
Q

Breast milk?

A

Ancyclostoma duodenale

29
Q

Autoinfection

A

Taenia solium

E. Vermicularis (pinworm)

Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)

H. nana (Dwarf tapeworm)

Cryptosporidium

30
Q

Periorbital edema?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

Trichinella spiralis

(maybe spirometra from using a poultice)

31
Q

Copepod ingestion?

A

D. medinensis

D. latum has copepod as INTERMEDIATE host

32
Q

myocarditis, encephalitis, meningitis

A

trichinella spiralis

STRIATED MUSCLE

40-50% eosinophilia in a differential

IgG antibodies can be detected 12-60 days post infection

Muscle biopsy; BACHMAN!

Adult has two CAUDAL appendages

Found in undercooked pork and game meats

33
Q

pulmonary eosinophilia?

A

Wucheria bancrofti

Brugia malayi

34
Q

breast milk to infant

A

HOOKWORMS

Ancylostoma duodenale

Nector americanus

35
Q

Tabanid fly (chrysops species) aka?

A

Mango fly

Loa Loa

36
Q

Second leading cause of blindness in the world?

A

Onchocerca volvulus

“river blindness”

also, hanging groin

from Black fly

37
Q

Nephrotic malaria?

A

P. malaria

Mal kids (bad kids)

(also note that P. falciparum can have an acute renal failure)

38
Q

Vivax?

A

Viva splendidly (splenomegaly)

Young RBCs (living life, man)

And more HIP (hypnozoites in liver)

39
Q

Spirometra

Onchocerca volvulus

Toxocara

Loa loa

A

Cutaneous habitat

40
Q

A. Lumbricoides

Necator americanus

S. stercoralis

Giardia

Taenia (adults)

D. latum (adults)

H. diminuta (adults)

Spirometra (adults)

A

Small intestine habitat

41
Q

T. brucei

W. bancrofti

B. Malayi

A

Lymphatic habitat

t. brucei also has a habitat in circulatory, CNS, spleen

42
Q

Of the US population…. how many people have toxoplasma?

how is it detected?

Who are we most worried about?

A

nearly 1 in 4!!!! (as of 1994)

serologic testing for both IgM and IgG!!!!

INFANTS and immunocompromised…. remember it’s congenital!

43
Q

monkeys, apes or primates?

A

Schistosoma mansoni

Loa Loa

Strongyloides stercoralis

44
Q

Protozoa

A

E. Histolytica

E. Coli

Giardia

Trichomonas

B. Coli (cytopyge)

N. fowleri

Acathamoeba spp

Leishmania

Trypanosoma

45
Q

the most common intestinal parasite of humans identified in the United States?

A

Giardia

46
Q

Flask-shaped lesion, if not E. histolytica

A

B. Coli

47
Q

Cutaneous leishmanias?

A

Tropica

Major

48
Q

Reservoir with cats/dogs?

A

Leishmania

?????

49
Q

Water plant ingestion?

A

F. buski

F. hepatica

50
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

T. trichiura

Pentatrichomonas hominis

B. Coli

S. mansoni

B. coli

E. histolytica

A

Colon/Cecum/large intestine habitat

51
Q

Football shaped eggs

A

T. trichiura

52
Q

Boxer shaped glove

A

Clonorchis sinensis

53
Q

Larva -> intestinal cystericus

A

H. nana

54
Q

Eggs w/ polar filaments?

A

H. nana

55
Q

Rodents?

A

H. nana

H. diminuta

S. mansoni

56
Q

Serologic for IgM/IgG is routine method of diagnosis?

A

Toxoplasmii gondii

57
Q

Cestode with motile proglottids?

Mistaken for maggots/fly larva when passed?

A

Dipylidium caninum

Spread by dogs/cats shedding their feces

58
Q

Operculated eggs?

Rosette?

A

Diphyllobothria Latium

Pleurocercoid

59
Q

Rats…

No scolex hooks, four suckers…

A

H. Dimunita

Requires mealworms

TRIBOLIUM

60
Q

Diagnostic eggs with polar filaments?

A

H. Nana (also rats but hooks on scolex, unlike H. diminuta)

Autoinfection

MOST COMMON CESTODE INFECTION

61
Q

All cestodes are ingested as either cysticerci OR eggs… except two?

A

PLEUROCERCOID

D. Latum

Spirometra spp.

62
Q

Microfilariae for diagnosis/ID?

A

W. Bancrofti (mosquito)

Brugia malayi (mosquito)

Loa loa (deer/mango/chrysops/tabanid)

O. Volvulus (black fly/buffalo gnat)

63
Q

Most cestodes are NONoperculated and embryonated (hexacanth)…

Except?

A

Diphyllobothrium

UNembryonated

AND

Operculated

64
Q

Most cestodes have four suckers except?

A

Diphyllobothrium

2 suckers

MicroBio - Parasitology (14 decks)

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