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MicroBio - Parasitology > Intestinal Nematodes - Cal > Flashcards

Intestinal Nematodes - Cal Flashcards

1
Q

AKA roundworms?

A

Intestinal nematodes

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2
Q

Nematodes dioecious or mono?

A

Dioecious

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3
Q

Cylindrical
Tapering at both ends
Unsegmented

A

Intestinal nematodes

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4
Q

Outer covering
Relatively impermeable
Protective
Shed during molting

A

Cuticle of intestinal nematode

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5
Q

Used for grasping the female

A

Bursa

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6
Q

Used for injection of spermatozoa

A

Spicules

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7
Q

Intestinal nematodes… operculated or na?

A

Nonoperculated

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8
Q

Giant intestinal roundworm?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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9
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides can cause?

A

Localized hemorrhage and edema
Appendicitis
Ascarid pneumonitis

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10
Q

Ectopic foci are sites other than the usual habitat in the body

A

Visceral larval migrans (Ascaris lumbricoides)

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11
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides mode of infection?

A

INgestion of mature eggs

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12
Q

Describe the Ascaris lumbricoides life cycle

A

Mature egg ingested, moves to intestine where it hatches. From there, it proceeds to heart then lungs/alveoli.

Then coughed up, swallowed where they mature/mate in intestine again.

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13
Q

Infective form of Ascaris lumbricoides?

Intermediate host?

A

Mature, embryonated egg

NO INTERMEDIATE HOST (swine can be a reservoir host)

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14
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides Ssx?

A

Most pts are asymptomatic.

Some develop pulmonary symptoms during lung migration phase.

Mild abdominal discomfort, dyspepsia, loss of appetite, and nausea may occur.

BUT

Depresses appetite and food intake by children, interferes with absorption of proteins, fats, lactose, vitamin A, and iodine.

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15
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides Diagnosis?

A

ID of passed adult worms… Examination of stool for eggs (decorticated ova)

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16
Q

Egg = brown cortication, with hyaline shell wall and yolk mass?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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17
Q

Persistent cough?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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18
Q

Soil transmissible helminth?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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19
Q

Most prevalent helminth infection?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

WORLDWIDE

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20
Q

Larvae migrate to liver and lungs causing systemic responses, eosinophilic pneumonitis (Loeffler’s)

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

MOST concerned with intestinal obstruction

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21
Q

Pinworm or seatworm?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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22
Q

Embryonated eggs ingested by human?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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23
Q

Enterobius vermicularis mode of infection? Habitat? Reservoir host?

A

Ingestion

Large intestine/cecum

No reservoir host

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24
Q

Easily spread among school children

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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25
Q

Eggs infective within 6 hours and up to 20 days

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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26
Q

Specimen of choice is transparent adhesive tape specimen collection (“scotch-tape prep”) or pinworm paddle

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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27
Q

Enterobius vermicularis egg?

A

“D” shape

Hyaline

Triple layer shell wall

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28
Q

Adulat has Cephalic alae: Wing-like structures?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

29
Q

Acquired by eating eggs, autoinfection, retroinfection

A

Enterobius vermicularis

30
Q

Diagnosis: D shaped eggs recovered from patient?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

31
Q

Old World hookworm

?

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

32
Q

Invasion period: Ground itch; larval penetration

Pulmonary phase: Pneumonitis; due to larval irritation

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

33
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale geography?

A

Europe, Asia, Africa (becoming worldwide)

34
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale infective stage?

A

Filariform larva penetrates skin

35
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale diagnostic stage?

A

Eggs in feces

36
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale pathogenesis?

A

Intestinal phase can cause anemia/desquamation/malnutrition

Potential for secondary bacterial infection

37
Q

Creeping eruption, pruritis, iron deficiency anemia.

Anticoagulants in bite wound maintain bleeding even after worm leaves.

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

38
Q

Possible to transmit worms to infants through breast milk

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

39
Q

Specimen of choise for ancyclostoma duodenale?

A

feces (ova)

40
Q

New World hookworm ?

A

Necator americanus

41
Q

Pathogenesis of necator americanus resembes?

A

Same as Ancylostoma duodenale; milder anemia

42
Q

Necator americanus geography?

A

Western hemisphere, Central and South Africa, Southern Asia, Pacific Islands, becoming worldwide due to population migration

43
Q

life cycle of Necator americanus?

A

Same as Ancylostoma duodenale

Habitat: Small intestines
Intermediate host: None
Reservoir host: None
Infective form: Filariform larva
Mode of infection: Active penetration
44
Q

Threadworm?

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

45
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis infective form?

A

infective filariform larvae that penetrate the skin and follow a lung migration (blood-lung-intestinal route)

46
Q

May develop into adults and exist for some time (two or more generations) as free-living nematodes, producing the filariform later

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

47
Q

Autoinfection frequently occurs

Rhabditiform larvae molt into filariform larvae in the intestine and penetrate the intestinal wall to enter the blood stream initiating subsequent internal autoinfective cycles

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

48
Q 
Habitat: Small intestine
 Intermediate host: None
Reservoir host: Perhaps dogs and apes
Infective form: Filariform larva
Mode of infection: Active penetration
A

Strongyloides stercoralis

49
Q

Skin: Portal of entry
Petechial hemorrhage
Pruritis

Larval migration
High eosinophilia
Sensitization reaction

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

50
Q 
Intestinal infection
 Desquamation
 Severe diarrhea and gastroenteritis
 Anemia
 Weight loss
 Hyperinfection may be fatal in immunosuppressed patients
A

Strongyloides stercoralis

51
Q

Hyperinfection may be fatal in immunosuppressed patients

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

52
Q

Autoinfective, can build large numbers in victim.
Some infections documented to last over 60 years.
Person to person transmission possible.

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

53
Q

Discovery and ID of rhabditiform larvae in stool examination. May need a large volume and concentrate.

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

54
Q

rhabditiform larvae in stool examination

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

55
Q

Found worldwide, endemic in Appalachia in US.

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

56
Q

Life cycle similar to hookworm, but also capable of free living

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

57
Q

Uses parthenogenesis while in parasitic mode

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

58
Q

Whipworm?

A

Trichuris trichiura

59
Q

Asymptomatic to severe disease
Localized inflammation and bleeding
Anemia in heavy infection
Secondary bacterial infection

A

Trichuris trichiura

60
Q

Infective stage of Trichuris trichiura ?

A

Embryonated eggs are ingested

61
Q

Trichuris trichiura diagnostic stage?

A

Unembryonated eggs are passed in feces

62
Q

Habitat: Large intestines, cecum
Intermediate host: None
Reservoir host: None

A

Trichuris trichiura

63
Q

Secretes protein, forms pores in lipid bilayers that allow anterior end to embed in epithelium.

May have many bloody stools, recurrent rectal prolapse.

A

Trichuris trichiura

64
Q

Perforation of intestinal wall
Peritonitis
Rectal prolapse

A

Trichuris trichiura

65
Q

Football, barrel-shape with bipolar plugs

A

egg of Trichuris trichiura

Specimen of choice is feces

66
Q

Shape: Thick posterior and whip-like anterior

A

Trichuris trichiura

67
Q

Found worldwide especially poor or developing countries.

Acquired by eating food contaminated by eggs found in soil.

A

Trichuris trichiura

68
Q

Causes disease with heavy infections, adults in cecum and large intestine.

Destruction and inflammation of intestine..leads to malnutrition, iron deficiency, and rectal prolapse

A

Trichuris trichiura

MicroBio - Parasitology (14 decks)

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