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MicroBio - Parasitology > Cal - Cestodes > Flashcards

Cal - Cestodes Flashcards

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1
Q

A feature of cestodes that’s often very useful in identification?

A

The number/type of their attachment structure (hooks/suckers/teeth/plates)

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2
Q

Cestodes AKA?

A

tapeworms

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3
Q

Chain of proglottids?

A

Strobila

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4
Q

What’s the rostellum?

A

Pointed end of scolex that has points of attachment… can be useful in identification

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5
Q

Most cestode eggs are NONoperculated and contain a ____ embryo…

A

hexacanth

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6
Q

Most cestodes are nonoperculated with a hexacanth embryo… What’s the exception?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum (unembryonated and operculated)

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7
Q

Infective stages of taenia?

A

As oncospheres developing into cysticerci in muscle

refer to CDC life cycle graphic

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8
Q

What’s the cattle-associated taenia? What about the pig-associated taenia?

A

T. saginata = cow

T. solium = pig

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9
Q

Diagnostic stage of taenia?

A

Eggs/gravid proglottids in FECES and shed into the environment

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10
Q

Taenia can infect by?

And how does taenia reside in the human body?

A

Humans ingest undercooked meat.

Taenia scolex attaches to intestine (adults in the small intestine)

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11
Q

Taenia adults produce proglottids which eventually detach from tapeworms and exit as?

A

Exit in the stool as eggs within gravid proglottids

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12
Q

Both taenia are worldwide… Saginata persists in US due to?

A

Consumption of rare steak

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13
Q

Solium is more prevalent in poor communities where humans live close to?

A

pigs

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14
Q

Taenia asiatica found?

A

ASIA!

Korea, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand

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15
Q

Saginata taeniasis SSx

A

Mild abdominal ssx

Striking feature = active/passive passive of proglottids

Occasionally -> appendicitis/cholangitis from migration proglottids

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16
Q

Solium taeniasis SSx…

A

Less frequently symptomatic than saginata

Mainly the passive of progottids

However…?

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17
Q

Most important feature of solium taeniasis?

A

RISK FOR DEVELOPING CYSTICERCOSIS

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18
Q

Egg and proglottid identification is diagnostic for taenia spp but not possible during first 3 months (i.e., prior to adult stage). Furthermore EGGS of taenia are indistinguishable from Echinococcus… So?

A

Microscopic ID of gravid proglottids

(or if possible, scolex)

Be careful when processing specimens… CYSTICERCOSIS…

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19
Q

Sup with taenia saginata’s scolex?

A

FOUR cup-muscular shaped suckers

NO HOOKLETS

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20
Q

You can distinguish saginata from solium by counting uterine branches in proglottid… how many in each?

A

Solium: 7-13

Saginata: 15-30

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21
Q

Infection of humans/pigs with larval stages of T. solium called?

A

Cysticercosis

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22
Q

Taenia solium can/cannot cause autoinfection?

A

CAN

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23
Q

T. solium can occur in environments AWAY from pigs as humans can shed the eggs the eggs in their feces…

A

bummer

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24
Q

Greatest clinical concern for T. Solium?

A

Cerebral cysticercosis (neurocysticercosis) = seizures, mental disturbances, focal neurologic deficits from space-occupying intracerebral lesions (potential for sudden death)

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25
Extracerebral cysticercosis can cause?
Ocular, cardiac, or spinal lesions Asymptomatic subQ/calcified IM nodules also possible
26
Cystericercosis must be demonstrated in tissue. So if eggs/proglottids are ONLY in feces, what we got?
Likely only taeniasis However, due to autoinfection, serological evaluation is recommended to evaluate for cystircercosis
27
Solium scolex?
Four suckers | HOOKLETS (does saginata have hooklets?)
28
Fish or broad tapeworm? Largest human tapeworm?
Diphyllobothrium
29
Diphyllobothrium intermediate hosts?
crustaceans and FRESHwater fish
30
Diphyllobothrium larval form?
coracidium
31
Infective stage of Diphyllobothrium?
as the pleroceroid larva (in freshwater fish)
32
Diagnostic stage of Diphyllobothrium?
Unembryonated eggs passed in feces
33
What's unique about Diphyllobothrium?
Scolex with two leaf-shaped suckers Bothria, or lance-shaped
34
Diphyllobothrium found where?
Northern Hemisphere (Europe, North America, Asia) and South America CEVICHE... (however infected fish can be transported/consumed elsewhere)
35
SSx are rare (unless proglottids migrate). However, Diphyllobothriasis can lead to a major deficiency of?
B12... PERNICIOUS Anemia
36
Diphyllobothrium... Specific diagnosis of EGGS in the stool. Describe Diphyllobothrium egg...
Numerous eggs that are OPERCULATED with a KNOB SHELL on the other end
37
Diphyllobothrium proglottids are?
uterine structure resembling a ROSETTE
38
Human echinococcosis AKA?
hydatidosis/hydatid disease
39
Most frequently encountered form of echinococcosis?
Echinococcus granulosus, causing cystic echinococcosis
40
echinococcosis granulosis found where?
worldwide, wherever there are grazing dogs
41
echinococcosis multilocularis found?
Northern hemisphere
42
echinococcosis vogeli/oligarthrus found?
CentAm/SouthAm
43
echinococcosis infective stage?
Embryonated egg shed in feces
44
echinococcosis diagnostic stage?
Hydatid cyst in liver/lungs/etc.
45
echinococcosis physical characteristics?
Scolex with four suckers TWO rows of hooklets
46
Slow-growing, tumor-like space occupying structure resulting from echinococcosis larval form?
Hydatid cyst
47
Structures on the wall of of hydatid cyst?
Brood capsules | tapeworms can develop protoscolices here
48
When echinococcosis daughter cysts/brood capsules disintegrate/liberate protoscolices... what we got?
hydatid sand
49
echinococcosis granulosis can be silent for years... upon cyst enlargement, affected organ will produce corresponding symptoms
And just like that, BAM! Organ problems | can affect liver, lungs, brane, boan, hart
50
echinococcosis multilocularis mainly affects?
the liver, slowly
51
echinococcosis vogeli mainly affects?
Liver, slowly
52
echinococcosis diagnosis
RADIOLOGIC EXAMINATION (hydatid presence) with help from clinical/serologic findings
53
Dwarf tapeworm?
Hymenolopsis nana
54
Hymenolopsis nana egg?
SIX hooked embryo (hexacanth) Polar filaments
55
Hymenolopsis nana Scolex...
FOUR suckers Crown of hooklets
56
Hymenolopsis nana infectious stage?
Embryonated egg ingested from contaminated food/water/hands/feces CAN ALSO AUTOINFECT (from feces or by remaining in intestine) AUTOINFECTION
57
Hymenolopsis nana diagnostic stage?
Embryonated egg in feces
58
Hymenolopsis nana larvae can develop in human intestine as....
cystercercus
59
Hymenolopsis dimunita infectious stage?
Cystercerci in body cavity of insect that gets INGESTED
60
diagnostic stage of Hymenolopsis dimunita?
Egg passed in feces
61
Hymenolopsis dimunita scolex?
NO HOOKS
62
Hymenolopsis dimunita egg?
Larger than H. nana Bile stained NO polar filaments
63
Hymenolopsis dimunita requires what to reach infective cystercercoid stage?
larval insects/mealworms
64
Most common of all cestode infections?
Hymenolopsis nana (worldwide) Hymenolopsis dimunita is worldwide, though less frequent
65
Hymenolopsis dimunita and nana are often asymptomatic but H. nana can cause?
weakness, HA, ab pain, diarrhea
66
Pumpkin seed tapeworm?
Diplydium caninum
67
Diplydium caninum infective stage
Adult flea harboring the infective CYSTICERCOID
68
Diplydium caninum diagnostic stage?
When the proglottids release their egg packets
69
Diplydium caninum found?
Worldwide
70
Diplydium caninum, clinically?
Proglottids are MOBILE (can be mistaken for other larvae -- maggots) Mild GI, but most striking feature is passage of proglottids
71
Diplydium caninum accidental (or purposeful, I assume?) ingestion of what?
Flea
72
Spirometra sp infective strage?
PLEROCERCOID larve Fish/reptile/amphibian (second intermediate host) ingests infected crustacean
73
Spirometra diagnostic stage?
Unembryonated eggs passed in feces
74
Spirometra infection?
Sparganosis
75
Spirometra found?
Worldwide, but predominantly in SE Asia
76
Sparganosis resulting in ocular disease/periorbital edema is often assocaited with?
Poultice use from frog/snake flesh Interesting technque...
77
Sparganosis/spirometra diagnosis?
Recovery of sparganum from tissue

MicroBio - Parasitology (14 decks)

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