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RUSVM Parasitology > Trematodes > Flashcards

Trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of trematodes?

A 
Dorsal-ventrally flattened (leaf-like)
Oral and ventral suckers 
Incomplete alimentary tract
Hermaphroditic 
Indirect life cycle
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2
Q

What is the first intermediate host of all flukes?

A

Freshwater aquatic snails

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3
Q

What is an operculum?

A

Lid/covering on egg

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4
Q

What is a miracidia?

A

Free-living ciliated larva

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5
Q

What is a cercariae?

A

Tadpole like larvae; final and free swimming

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6
Q

What is metacercariae?

A

Encysted resting stage of trematode

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7
Q

What is the life cycle of a trematode?

A

Egg in definitive host feces, urine, or sputum
Miracidium develops in egg and released into water
Egg ingested by snail -> sporocyst -> redia
Cercaria leave snail
Cercaria into 2nd IH or on plant
Metacercariae ingested and become adult fluke

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8
Q

How are trematode infections diagnosed?

A

Fecal sedimentation -> heavy/large eggs

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9
Q

Paragonimus Kellicotti common name?

A

Lung fluke

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10
Q

Hosts of Paragonimus kellicotti?

A

Dog, cat, carnivore
Snail (1st IH)
Crayfish (2nd IH)

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11
Q

Identify

Adult- ovoid, reddish brown with spiny tegument
Egg- oval, yellowish brown, distinct operculum, 110um

A

Paragonium kellicotti

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12
Q

Site of infection of paragonimus kellicotti?

A

Lung parenchyma

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13
Q

Pathogenesis and lesions of paragonimus kellicotti?

A

Cysts

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14
Q

Intermittent to severe cough
Dyspnea, pneumothorax, brochiectasis, hemoptysis, pneumonia, death

Dog, cat

A

Paragonimus kellicotti

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15
Q

What are the methods of diagnosis for paragonimus kellicotti?

A

Thoracic radiographs -cyst
Fecal sedimentation
Transtracheal wash

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16
Q

Common name of nanophyetus salmincola

A

Salmon poisoning fluke

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17
Q

Hosts of nanophyetus salmincola?

A

Dog, cat, mink, raccoon, fish-eating mammals

1st IH: snail
2nd IH: salmonid fish

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18
Q

Adult: ovoid and creamy white up to 2mm
Egg: oval, yellow brown, thick shell, 80um

A

Nanophyetus salmincola

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19
Q

Site of infection of nanophyetus salmincola?

A

Small intestine

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20
Q

Pathogenesis of nanophyetus salmincola?

A

Salmon poisoning -> Neorikettsia helminthoeca

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21
Q

Clinical signs of nanophyetus salmincola?

A

Enteritis (large numbers)

Salmon poisoning

  • fever
  • hemorrhagic enteritis
  • enlarged lymph node
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • weight loss
  • mortality
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22
Q

What is the treatment for Nanophyetus salmincola

A

Anthelmitics

Tetracycline for rickettsial infection

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23
Q

Common name of Alaria spp?

A

Intestinal flukes

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24
Q

What is the definitive host of Alaria spp?

A

Dog, cat fox, mink

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25
Q

What are the intermediate and paratenic hosts of Alaria spp?

A

1st IH: snail
2nd IH: tadpole

PH: frog, snake, mice, rat, bird, reptile, boar, human

26
Q

Identify
Adult- pink or brown 10mm
Egg- oval, honey, operculum, 13um

Cat, dog, fox, mink

A

Alaria spp

27
Q

Site of infection of Alaria spp?

A

Adult- small intestine

Immature- lungs

28
Q

Pathogenesis of Alaria spp?

A

Migrating mesocerariae may cause pulmonary hemorrhage

29
Q

Common name of platynosomum fastosum?

A

Lizard poisoning

30
Q

DH of platynosmum fastosum?

A

Cat

31
Q

IH of platynosomum fastosum?

A

1st: snail
2nd: crustacean
PH: lizard

32
Q

Identify

Cat
Adult: 8mm
Egg: oval, brown, medium thick shell, operculum

A

Platynosomum fastosum

33
Q

Life cycle of platynosomum fastosum?

A 
Egg to water 
Snail ingest egg
Miracidia to cercariae in snail 
Cercariae to crustacean 
Metacercariae encyst in crustacean 
Lizard eat crustacean 
Cat eat lizard 
Fluke to bile duct 
To adult
34
Q

PPP of platynosomum fastosum?

A

3months

35
Q

Site of infection of platynosomum fastosum

A

Bile duct

36
Q

Pathogenesis and clinical signs of platynosomum fastosum

A

Hyperplastic bile duct

Lizard poisoning- palpable liver, icterus, death

37
Q

What are the definitive hosts of Fasciola hepatica?

A

Cattle, sheep, goat, othe ruminants, horses, humans (zoonotic)

38
Q

Intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica ?

A

Snails

39
Q

Site of infection of Fasciola hepatica?

A

Bile duct of liver

40
Q

What trematode causes
Necrotic tracts in liver
Bile duct inflammation
Anemia, diarrhea, inappetence, bottle jaw, decreased fertility and production.

A

Fascicles hepatica

41
Q

What trematode requires condemnation of liver

A

Fasciola hepatica

42
Q

How can Fasciola hepatica be diagnosed?

A

Fecal sedimentation
ELISA
Flukes in liver at necropsy
Elected globulin, albumin and GGT

43
Q

What are the best treatment and control methods for Fasciola hepatica?

A

Flukicides
Snail control and management
Draining/fencing off wet pastureland

44
Q

What is the common name of Fascioloides magna?

A

Large American liver fluke or deer fluke

45
Q

What are the definitive hosts of fascioloides magna?

A

White tailed deer, caribou

46
Q

Dead end hosts of fascioloides magna?

A

Cattle, moose, horse, bison, pig

47
Q

Aberrant host to fascioloides magna?

A

Sheep, goat, rabbit

48
Q

What is the intermediate host to fascioloides magna?

A

Snail

49
Q

What is the site of infection of fascioloides magna?

A

Liver

50
Q

Life cycle of fascioloides magna?

A

Juvenile fukes wander in liver parenchyma

DH : adult forms fiberous cyst -> eggs passed through pore in cycle

51
Q

What is the PPP of fascioloides magna?

A

8months

52
Q

What is the difference between a dead-end host and aberrant host of Fascioloides magna?

A

Dead-end: cyst encapsulate adult, but has no pore for eggs to pass through

Aberrant : immature flukes migrate through liver, do not form cyst

In both types of host, the fluke does not reach patency

53
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Fascioloides magna?

A

Deer and cattle- encapsulated host has minimal clinical effect

Sheep and goat- migrating in liver causes death before patency

54
Q

If you suspect Fascioloides magna infection on a sheep or goat, diagnosis can be made by a fecal sedimentation. True or False?

A

False
Sheep and goat is the aberrant host, does not reach patency therefore you would not see eggs in the sedimentation

Diagnosis by necropsy

55
Q

What are the best methods of treatment and control of Fascioloides magna?

A

Flukicide against adult and immature flukes
Snail control
Drain off wet pasture
Do not farm deer and livestock together

56
Q

Paramphistomum spp common name?

A

Rumen fluke or stomach fluke

57
Q

Hosts of Paramphistomum spp?

A

Cattle, sheep, goat, deer, buffalo, antelope

IH: snail

58
Q

Identify:
Adult: pear shaped, light red, ventral sucker at posterior end
Egg: operculum 130-180um

A

Paramphistomum spp

59
Q

What is the predilection site of Paramphistomum spp?

A

Rumen

60
Q

PPP of Paramphistomum spp?

A

7-10wks

61
Q

What trematode is associated with secondary infections of Clostridium spp?
Heavy infection due to migrating juveniles = enteritis, anorexia, diarrhea, depression, dehydration, anemia, and hemorrhage

A

Paramphistomum spp

AKA stomach fluke AKA rumen fluke

RUSVM Parasitology (12 decks)

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