Protozoa- Ciliophora and Sarcomastigophora Flashcards
How are protozoa classified?
By mode of locomotion
Psedudopodia
Flagella
Gliding movements
Cilia
Protozoa that move by pseudopodia/flagella belong to what phylum?
Sarcomastigophora
Protozoa that move by gliding movements belong to what phylum?
Apicomplexa
Protozoa that move with cilia belong to what phylum?
Ciliophora
A ___________ is the functional unit of a protozoa
Zoite
A __________ is the infective form of Protozoa found in a speculated oocyst
Sporozoite
A ________ is a Protozoa stage that feeds and grows
Trophozoite
_______________ is a protozoa that divides rapidly and ________________ divides slowly
Tachyzoites; bradyzoites.
Protozoa can undergo _______________ reproduction which has a short generation time and exponential increase in the number of zoster
Asexual
Binary fission
Budding
Schizogony
What are the two types of Protozoa sexual reproduction?
Gametogony
Sporogony
Balantidium coli host?
Pig, rodent, primate, human
ID
Trophozote
50-150um
Ciliated
Kidney bean nucleus
Cyst
60um
Cilia sometimes evident inside
Balantidium coli
Site of infection of Balatidium coli? What pathology does it cause?
Large intestine
Mild enteritis and dysentery in pigs and humans
Ulceration in humans
Treatment against Balantidium coli?
Tetracycline
What are the hosts of Giardia intesinalis
Dog, cat, cattle, and humans
Assemblages - species specific
ID
Trophozoites 21um
Cysts 12um
Flagellate
Small intestine
Giardia intestinalis
Pathogenesis of Giardia intestinalis?
Attach to microvilli of bowl-> duodenal ulceration
Malabsorption
Asymptomatic trophozoites-> acute focal inflammation
Clinical signs of Giardia intestinalis ?
None
Acute or chronic diarrhea
How can you diagnose giardia ?
Fecal smear -> cysts and trophozoites
Fecal float with zinc sulfate
ELISA
Treatment of Giardia in cattle?
Benzimidazole
Sanitation and disinfection
Filter water to prevent transmission
Hosts of Spironucelus (Hexamita) spp?
Domenstic and wild fowl (NOT chickens)
ID
Flagellated
Two nuclei
Sprionucelus spp
How is Spironucelus spp transmitted and what does it primarily effect?
Droppings from carrier birds
Contamination of shoes or equipment carrying fecal material
Young birds
Host of tritrichomonas foetus?
Cat cattle
ID
Pear shaped with single nucleus
3 anterior flagella and 1 posterior flagella
Undulating membrane
Tritrichomonas foetus
Location of Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle?
Genital tracts of cattle
Uterus and vagina of cow
Prepuce of bull
Sexually transmitted
Pathogenesis of Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle?
Bull- prepucal discharge with small nodules on penile membranes
Cow- endometriosis
Infect implantation
Abortion –> decreased herd yield
Diagnosis of Tritrichomonas foetus
RCR
Culture
Treatment and prevention of Tritrichomonas in cattle?
Artificial insemination
Test bulls-> cull positive
Closed herd -reliable sourcing
Open herd- AI and tested
Allotment -private and well fenced
Young bulls used
REPORTABLE
What are the risk factors of Feline tritrichomonas?
Age (young or old)
Purebred
History of diarrhea
Co-infection with other protozoa
Transmission of Feline Tritrichomonas ?
Fecal-oral
Diagnosis of Feline Tritrichomonas
Fecal smear
Fecal culture
PCR
Treatment of Feline Tritrichomonas
Ronidazole
Common name of Trichomonas spp?
Cranker (pigeon)
Frounce (hawk)
Host of trichomonas
Domestic and wild fowl
ID
Trohphozote pear shaped
Single nucleus
4 flagella and axostyle
Trichomonas
What are the 3 modes of infection of Trichomonas spp?
Raptor feeding on infected prey
Adult to young- pigeon mink
Contaminated water
Site of infection of Trichomonas spp?
Oral-nasal cavity and upper digestive tract
Bird
Small yellowish lesions in mouth
Inflammation and ulceration of mucosa
Diarrhea
Trichomonas spp
Histomonas common name?
Blackhead
Host to histomonas spp?
Fowl, primarily turkey
What is the vector of histomonas ?
Heterakis (poultry cecal worm)
Site of infection of Histomonas?
Cecum and liver
Pleomorphic
Cecum- flagellated
Liver- no flagellum
What is the life cycle of Histomonas?
Trophozoites die and pass in feces
Trophozoites in eggs of Heterakis are infective
Bird ingest Heterakis eggs (containing histomonas)
Histomonas trohphozoite released to invade cecal wall and migrate to liver
Pathogenesis of Histomonas?
Infectious enterohepatitis
Young turkeys- can be fatal
Hemorrhagic liver with yellow-green circular depressions
Cecal inflammation and ulceration
Diagnosis and prevention of Histomonas spp?
Lesions in cecum and liver at necropsy
Trophozoites in liver or cecum
Do not rear turkey on ground that has been used to rear birds for at least 2 years
Host of Typanosoma cruzi?
Dog, cat, and human
Reservoir - domestic an wild species
Site of infection of Trypanosoma cruzi?
Muscle and blood
Pathogenesis of trypanosoma cruzi?
Pathology of heart
Acute, latent, and chronic disease
What is the common name of the disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi?
Chagas’ disease
How can you diagnose Trypanosoma cruzi?
Blood smear
Xenodiagnosis
Serological tests
What is the common name of Leishmania spp
Kala-azar (visceral); oriental sore (cutaneous)
Host of leishmania spp
Dog and humans
Reservoir host= wild and domestic sp
ID
Amastgiotes
Round or oval in host macrophage
1.5-3um - 2.5-6um
Leishmania spp
Leishmania and Trynanosoma are both transmitted by?
Insect vectors
Site of infection of Leishmania
Skin, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph node
Diagnosis of Leishmannia spp?
Tissue biopsy
IFA, ELISA, PCR
