Protozoa- Ciliophora and Sarcomastigophora Flashcards

1
Q

How are protozoa classified?

A

By mode of locomotion

Psedudopodia
Flagella
Gliding movements
Cilia

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2
Q

Protozoa that move by pseudopodia/flagella belong to what phylum?

A

Sarcomastigophora

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3
Q

Protozoa that move by gliding movements belong to what phylum?

A

Apicomplexa

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4
Q

Protozoa that move with cilia belong to what phylum?

A

Ciliophora

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5
Q

A ___________ is the functional unit of a protozoa

A

Zoite

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6
Q

A __________ is the infective form of Protozoa found in a speculated oocyst

A

Sporozoite

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7
Q

A ________ is a Protozoa stage that feeds and grows

A

Trophozoite

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8
Q

_______________ is a protozoa that divides rapidly and ________________ divides slowly

A

Tachyzoites; bradyzoites.

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9
Q

Protozoa can undergo _______________ reproduction which has a short generation time and exponential increase in the number of zoster

A

Asexual

Binary fission
Budding
Schizogony

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10
Q

What are the two types of Protozoa sexual reproduction?

A

Gametogony

Sporogony

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11
Q

Balantidium coli host?

A

Pig, rodent, primate, human

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12
Q

ID

Trophozote
50-150um
Ciliated
Kidney bean nucleus

Cyst
60um
Cilia sometimes evident inside

A

Balantidium coli

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13
Q

Site of infection of Balatidium coli? What pathology does it cause?

A

Large intestine

Mild enteritis and dysentery in pigs and humans
Ulceration in humans

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14
Q

Treatment against Balantidium coli?

A

Tetracycline

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15
Q

What are the hosts of Giardia intesinalis

A

Dog, cat, cattle, and humans

Assemblages - species specific

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16
Q

ID

Trophozoites 21um
Cysts 12um

Flagellate
Small intestine

A

Giardia intestinalis

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17
Q

Pathogenesis of Giardia intestinalis?

A

Attach to microvilli of bowl-> duodenal ulceration

Malabsorption

Asymptomatic trophozoites-> acute focal inflammation

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18
Q

Clinical signs of Giardia intestinalis ?

A

None

Acute or chronic diarrhea

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19
Q

How can you diagnose giardia ?

A

Fecal smear -> cysts and trophozoites
Fecal float with zinc sulfate
ELISA

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20
Q

Treatment of Giardia in cattle?

A

Benzimidazole

Sanitation and disinfection
Filter water to prevent transmission

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21
Q

Hosts of Spironucelus (Hexamita) spp?

A

Domenstic and wild fowl (NOT chickens)

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22
Q

ID

Flagellated
Two nuclei

A

Sprionucelus spp

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23
Q

How is Spironucelus spp transmitted and what does it primarily effect?

A

Droppings from carrier birds
Contamination of shoes or equipment carrying fecal material

Young birds

24
Q

Host of tritrichomonas foetus?

A

Cat cattle

25
Q

ID

Pear shaped with single nucleus
3 anterior flagella and 1 posterior flagella
Undulating membrane

A

Tritrichomonas foetus

26
Q

Location of Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle?

A

Genital tracts of cattle
Uterus and vagina of cow
Prepuce of bull

Sexually transmitted

27
Q

Pathogenesis of Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle?

A

Bull- prepucal discharge with small nodules on penile membranes

Cow- endometriosis
Infect implantation
Abortion –> decreased herd yield

28
Q

Diagnosis of Tritrichomonas foetus

A

RCR

Culture

29
Q

Treatment and prevention of Tritrichomonas in cattle?

A

Artificial insemination
Test bulls-> cull positive

Closed herd -reliable sourcing
Open herd- AI and tested
Allotment -private and well fenced
Young bulls used

REPORTABLE

30
Q

What are the risk factors of Feline tritrichomonas?

A

Age (young or old)
Purebred
History of diarrhea
Co-infection with other protozoa

31
Q

Transmission of Feline Tritrichomonas ?

A

Fecal-oral

32
Q

Diagnosis of Feline Tritrichomonas

A

Fecal smear
Fecal culture
PCR

33
Q

Treatment of Feline Tritrichomonas

A

Ronidazole

34
Q

Common name of Trichomonas spp?

A

Cranker (pigeon)

Frounce (hawk)

35
Q

Host of trichomonas

A

Domestic and wild fowl

36
Q

ID

Trohphozote pear shaped
Single nucleus
4 flagella and axostyle

A

Trichomonas

37
Q

What are the 3 modes of infection of Trichomonas spp?

A

Raptor feeding on infected prey
Adult to young- pigeon mink
Contaminated water

38
Q

Site of infection of Trichomonas spp?

A

Oral-nasal cavity and upper digestive tract

39
Q

Bird

Small yellowish lesions in mouth
Inflammation and ulceration of mucosa
Diarrhea

A

Trichomonas spp

40
Q

Histomonas common name?

A

Blackhead

41
Q

Host to histomonas spp?

A

Fowl, primarily turkey

42
Q

What is the vector of histomonas ?

A

Heterakis (poultry cecal worm)

43
Q

Site of infection of Histomonas?

A

Cecum and liver

Pleomorphic
Cecum- flagellated
Liver- no flagellum

44
Q

What is the life cycle of Histomonas?

A

Trophozoites die and pass in feces
Trophozoites in eggs of Heterakis are infective

Bird ingest Heterakis eggs (containing histomonas)
Histomonas trohphozoite released to invade cecal wall and migrate to liver

45
Q

Pathogenesis of Histomonas?

A

Infectious enterohepatitis
Young turkeys- can be fatal

Hemorrhagic liver with yellow-green circular depressions

Cecal inflammation and ulceration

46
Q

Diagnosis and prevention of Histomonas spp?

A

Lesions in cecum and liver at necropsy
Trophozoites in liver or cecum

Do not rear turkey on ground that has been used to rear birds for at least 2 years

47
Q

Host of Typanosoma cruzi?

A

Dog, cat, and human

Reservoir - domestic an wild species

48
Q

Site of infection of Trypanosoma cruzi?

A

Muscle and blood

49
Q

Pathogenesis of trypanosoma cruzi?

A

Pathology of heart

Acute, latent, and chronic disease

50
Q

What is the common name of the disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi?

A

Chagas’ disease

51
Q

How can you diagnose Trypanosoma cruzi?

A

Blood smear
Xenodiagnosis
Serological tests

52
Q

What is the common name of Leishmania spp

A

Kala-azar (visceral); oriental sore (cutaneous)

53
Q

Host of leishmania spp

A

Dog and humans

Reservoir host= wild and domestic sp

54
Q

ID

Amastgiotes
Round or oval in host macrophage
1.5-3um - 2.5-6um

A

Leishmania spp

55
Q

Leishmania and Trynanosoma are both transmitted by?

A

Insect vectors

56
Q

Site of infection of Leishmania

A

Skin, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph node

57
Q

Diagnosis of Leishmannia spp?

A

Tissue biopsy

IFA, ELISA, PCR