Protozoa - Apicomplexa Flashcards by Corinne Perra

What are the features of Eimeriidae family and what species are important?

Coccidia parasites
Host specific
No intermediate host or vectors
Primarily an issue in young animals

Isospora and Eimeria

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Host of Isospora canis?

Final host are dogs

PH : rodents

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Site of infection of Isospora canis?

Small intestine

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Pathogenesis of Isospora canis

Small intestinal cells destroyed
Diarrhea can be severe, watery, profuse, and bloody

Young dogs susceptible

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Diagnosis of Iscospora canis

Oocyst, smaller than ascarid eggs but larger than sarcocystis spp?

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Host of Isospora suis?

Pigs

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Site of infection and pathology of Isospora suis?

Small intestine
Infecting 1-2wk old piglets
Diarrhea
High morbidity

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What are the most infections Eimeria spp infecting cattle?

E. Bovis

E. Zuernii

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Eimeria spp can infect what hosts

Swine, bovine, ovine, equine, avian

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There are ________ Eimeria spp that can infect swine

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All Eimeria spp of swine and equine infect the __________ and Eimeria spp of bovine and small ruminants infects ____________________

Small intestine; small and large intestine

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What is the pathogenesis of all Eimeria spp?

Inflammatory changes of intestinal mucosa

Enteritis
Diarrhea - profuse, watery, bloody.
Severity is related to number of parasites

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Eimeria leukarti is specific to what species?

Equine

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How can Eimeria be diagnosed?

Oocyst in fecal float
History and clinical signs

E. Lukerarti (horse) - oocyst large and does not float
Requires sedimentation or floatations in sugar solution

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What is the treatment of Eimeria spp?

Hygiene
Decreasing overcrowding
Antiprotozoals
Supportive therapy

Development of immunity

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How are Eimeria bovis and Eimeria zuernii differentated?

Oocyst shape - ovoid vs round

Oocyst size - 20um vs 12um

Eimeria spp outbreaks in ovine are associated with?

Young lambs 1-3wks
Lot fed animals 
Irrigated pasture
Corralling
Stress- transporting or temp changes

What is the pathogenesis of Eimeria in birds?

Bloody droppings
Dehydration
high death rate

Recovered birds may be chronically ill due to persistent core of clotted blood in cecum

What Eimeria spp is most pathogenic in young chicks?

E.tenella

What is the treatment/prevention agains E. tenella?

Prophylaxis with coccidostats in food or water

Vaccines -species specific

How is Eimeria in birds diagnosed?

Necropsy 
Lesions are indicative of spp
E.tenella in cecum 
E.necatrix in small intestine 
E.brunetti in ileum,cecum, and rectum

Hosts of toxoplasma Gondi?

Cat and felids

IH= humans and warm blooded animals

How is Toxmoplamsa gondii transmitted?

Cat eats infected animal

Humans infection

foodborne
animal tissue with cysts containing bradyzoites
mother to child transplacental

Site of infection of Toxoplasma gondii?

Intestinal and extraintestnal tissues (muscle, liver, lung, brain)

Pathogenesis of toxoplasma gondii?

Most animals are asymptomatic Clinical disease in cat is dependent on organs involved and extent of tissue damage Acute toxoplasmosis with severe FIV

Diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii?

Oocyst in cat feces Serological test ELISA and IFA Tachyzoites in brain and placenta Important cause of abortion and perinatal mortality

Treatment and prevention of Toxoplasma gondii

Humans avoid contact with cat feces Human avoid eating undercooked meat of IH Pregnant women avoid source of oocysts Nonsulfonamides and Sulfonamides

What is the pathogenesis of toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats?

Distinct white foci on aborted fetus and placenta Heavy infection - necrosis of vital organs

Sarcocysts spp host?

Dog, cat, human, carnivore, bird IH- cattle, herbivore, omnivore, bird, human

ID Sporulated oocysts with 2 sporocyst each with 4 sporozoties 18um oocyst

Sarcocystis spp

Life cycle of Sarcoystis spp?

Sarcocysts with bradyzoite -infective stage for FH PPP is 7-14days Sporocyst =infective stage for IH Sporocyst to bradyzoite in muscle 2-3months

Site of infection of Sarcocystis spp?

Sarcocyst in muscle of IH Sporocyst in GI tract of FH

Clinical signs of Sarcocystis spp?

No illness if FH IH host- fatal disease Abortion may result

Diagnosis of sarcocystis spp?

Sporocyst in FH | Sarcocysts in muscle tissue of IH

Treatment and prevetion of Sarcocystis spp?

Avoid raw meat and prevent fecal contamination